The Psychology of Social Justice in Political Thought and Action
The Psychology of Social Justice in Political Thought and Action
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政治思想和行动中的社会正义心理学
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Jost
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
T. Rothmund;J. Becker;J. Jost
社会正义与政治行为交叉的心理学研究是政治心理学这个充满活力、不断发展的领域的一部分。本章讨论这一研究，并特别关注政治外行与正义有关的思想、感受和行动。我们强调了将外行人对分配和程序不公正的评价与政治态度和行为联系起来的三条研究路线。首先，政治学和心理学提供的证据表明，关于社会正义的信念反映了政治意识形态的关键要素。例如，保守派(a)在做出道德判断时不太可能优先考虑公平和社会正义问题，(b)更有可能根据优点原则而不是平等原则来评估分配正义，以及(c)与自由派相比，更容易将代表弱势群体的公众支持请求解释为不值得。这些发现在心理学理论方面进行了讨论，将政治意识形态与动机性社会认知联系起来。其次，我们概述了感知程序正义和感知政治合法性是如何相互关联和相互影响的。越是被视为符合程序正义标准的政治当局，他们就越被视为值得信赖、合法和有资格领导。第三，我们概述了正义观念与抗议意图和行为的关系。虽然社会不公正为参与政治抗议提供了强大的动力，但我们也解决了为什么人们经常无法抗议不利和剥夺的根源的问题。在本章的最后部分，我们提出了未来研究的方向。
Psychological research at the intersection of social justice and political behavior is part of the vibrant, growing field of political psychology. The present chapter addresses this research and focuses especially on justice-related thoughts, feelings, and actions of political laypersons. We highlight three lines of research that link laypersons’ evaluations of distributive and procedural injustice with political attitudes and behavior. First, political science and psychology provide evidence that beliefs about social justice reflect key elements in political ideologies. For example, conservatives (a) are less likely to prioritize issues of fairness and social justice when making moral judgments, (b) are more likely to evaluate distributive justice in terms of principles of merit than equality, and (c) more readily interpret requests for public support on behalf of disadvantaged groups as undeserved, in comparison to liberals. These findings are discussed in regard to psychological theories linking political ideology with motivated social cognition. Second, we outline how perceived procedural justice and perceived political legitimacy are related and mutually affect each other. The more political authorities are seen as reigning in line with criteria of procedural justice, the more they are perceived as trustworthy, legitimate, and entitled to lead. Third, we outline how justice perceptions relate to protest intentions and behavior. Whereas perceived social injustice provides a strong motivation to participate in political protest, we also address the question of why people frequently fail to protest against sources of disadvantage and deprivation. In the final part of the chapter, we suggest avenues for future research.