Feed-Forwardness of Spinal Networks in Posture and Locomotion.
Feed-Forwardness of Spinal Networks in Posture and Locomotion.
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DOI：
10.1177/1073858416683681
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发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Edgerton VR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gerasimenko Y;Sayenko D;Gad P;Liu CT;Tillakaratne NJK;Roy RR;Kozlovskaya I;Edgerton VR
我们提出了一个新的观点，对前馈的概念，比较反馈机制的电机控制。我们提出，从概念上讲，所有实时提供给大脑和脊髓的感觉信息都可以被视为一种前馈现象。我们还提出，脊髓不断适应广泛的持续感觉信息，这些信息用于调整选择网络做出及时和可预测决策的概率，这些网络将执行给定的反应。历史上对“反馈”一词的一种解释是指具有短延迟的响应。我们提出前馈机制，然而，在毫秒的时间范围内进化的观点，即“进化学习”。不断适应的事件使调节“计划”运动任务的感觉运动网络具有高水平的自动性。我们强调，无论是很小还是很大比例的运动反应都可以在某种程度上有意识或自动控制下。此外，我们提出的情况下，自动性的神经控制的运动在脊椎动物是位于脊髓网络的主要组成部分。即使没有大脑输入，脊髓也会常规地对感觉信息进行前馈处理，特别是本体感觉信息和皮肤信息，以不断地做出决定运动反应的基本决定。实际上，这些脊髓网络可能在很大程度上负责执行协调的感觉运动任务，甚至是那些在正常“意识”控制下的任务。
We present a new perspective on the concept of feed-forward compared to feedback mechanisms for motor control. We propose that conceptually all sensory information in real time provided to the brain and spinal cord can be viewed as a feed-forward phenomenon. We also propose that the spinal cord continually adapts to a broad array of ongoing sensory information that is used to adjust the probability of making timely and predictable decisions of selected networks that will execute a given response. One interpretation of the term feedback historically entails responses with short delays. We propose that feed-forward mechanisms, however, range in timeframes of milliseconds to an evolutionary perspective, that is, “evolutionary learning.” Continuously adapting events enable a high level of automaticity within the sensorimotor networks that mediate “planned” motor tasks. We emphasize that either a very small or a very large proportion of motor responses can be under some level of conscious vs automatic control. Furthermore, we make a case that a major component of automaticity of the neural control of movement in vertebrates is located within spinal cord networks. Even without brain input, the spinal cord routinely uses feed-forward processing of sensory information, particularly proprioceptive and cutaneous, to continuously make fundamental decisions that define motor responses. In effect, these spinal networks may be largely responsible for executing coordinated sensorimotor tasks, even those under normal “conscious” control.