Evidence for a Euro-American origin of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Evidence for a Euro-American origin of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
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人类免疫缺陷病毒 (HIV) 起源于欧美的证据。
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
G. Pankey
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Katner;G. Pankey
最近有报道称，酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）在非洲人群中不具有特异性，类人猿t细胞嗜淋巴病毒和人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV）之间存在显著的基因组差异，以及临床获得性免疫缺陷综合征（AIDS）在美国和欧洲的早期出现，这些都有力地反驳了艾滋病起源于非洲的假设。这组作者假设，HIV感染至少从20世纪初开始就在欧美人群中流行，而社会文化的变化导致了这种病毒进入非洲。对文献的检索揭示了在1902-66年流行病前期间28例弥散性卡波西肉瘤。在这些案例中，没有一个是关于静脉注射药物滥用、同性恋或其他艾滋病风险因素的记录。然而，大多数病例涉及男性。报告指出，在艾滋病毒等病毒发病率低、性伴侣数量有限、不存在静脉注射药物滥用的人群中，像艾滋病毒这样潜伏期长的感染不仅可能是零星表现，而且可能不会被认为是一种传染性感染。另一方面，由于1960年代末和1970年代初的性革命，这些社会因素发生了重大变化，预计会增加感染和临床疾病的传播，从而使人们认识到这一点。在过去十年中，男同性恋人口中性传播感染的人数明显增加。肛交作为一种传播方式的效率可能解释了艾滋病毒感染首先在这一人群中表达的事实。
Recent reports of the nonspecificity of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test in African populations, significant genomic differences between simian T-cell lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and the early appearance of clinical acquired immunodeficiency syndroME (AIDS) in the US and Europe are powerful arguments against the assumption that AIDS originated in Africa. The authors postulate that HIV infection has been endemic in the Euro-American population at least since the beginning of the 20th century and that sociocultural changes led to the introduction of the virus into Africa. A search of the literature reveals 28 cases of disseminated Kaposi's sarcoma in the pre-epidemic 1902-66 period. In none of these cases are notations made on intravenous drug abuse, homosexuality, or other risk factors for AIDS. The majority of cases involved men, however. It is pointed out that, in a population where the incidence of a virus such as HIV is low, the number of sexual partners is limited, and intravenous drug abuse is nonexistent, an infection with as long a latency period as HIV may not only be expressed sporadically, but would probably not be recognized as a transmissible infection. On the other hand, the significant changes in these social factors that occurred as a result of the sexual revolution of the late 1960s and early 1970s would be expected to increase the spread of infection and clinical disease so that recognition would be achieved. During the past decade, there have been marked increases in the number of sexually transmitted infections in the homosexual male population. The efficiency of anal intercourse as a mode of transmission probably accounts for the fact that HIV infection first expressed itself in this population.