Characterizing temporal and spatial scales of radiatively driven convection in a deep, ice‐free lake

Characterizing temporal and spatial scales of radiatively driven convection in a deep, ice‐free lake
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表征无冰深湖中辐射驱动对流的时间和空间尺度

DOI:
10.1002/lno.12203
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发表时间:
2022
影响因子:
4.5
通讯作者:
Weiss, Kaelan
Weiss, Kaelan
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Austin, Jay;Hill, Craig;Fredrickson, Jacob;Weber, Grace;Weiss, Kaelan

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从2019年5月到7月,在上级湖部署了一系列停泊设备,以表征辐射驱动对流(RDC)的空间和时间尺度。以前的工作表明,对流羽流的水平尺度约为几十米,这对观测构成了重大挑战。部署的核心是一个大型的二维(2D)热敏电阻阵列,在垂直和单个水平维度上提供10米量级的分辨率。此外,还配备了声学多普勒海流计系泊装置和能够估计表面热量和动量通量的气象浮标。在给定位置的瞬时温度变率是由横向背景流平流强的水平温度梯度。通过将速度数据与温度数据相结合,这一事实可以用来检查厘米尺度的水平结构,并可以生成水平面瞬时温度分布的二维图像,揭示温度异常分布的多种模式。对流结构的壁非常尖锐,水平梯度约为1°C m−1;对流结构本身的水平尺度约为数十米。最后,对流强烈控制水质参数的垂直分布。
From May to July 2019, an array of moored equipment was deployed in Lake Superior to characterize the spatial and temporal scales of radiatively driven convection (RDC). Previous work suggested that convective plumes have horizontal scales on the order of tens of meters, posing a significant observational challenge. The centerpiece of the deployment was a large, two‐dimensional (2D) array of thermistors that provided resolution on the order of 10 meters in both the vertical and a single horizontal dimension. This was augmented by an acoustic Doppler current meter mooring and a meteorology buoy capable of estimating surface heat and momentum fluxes. Instantaneous temperature variability at a given location is dominated by a lateral background flow advecting strong horizontal temperature gradients. By combining velocity data with temperature data, this fact can be used to examine horizontal structure at centimeter scales, and can produce 2D images of instantaneous temperature distribution on a horizontal surface, revealing multiple patterns of temperature anomaly distribution. The walls of convective structures are very sharp, with horizontal gradients on the order of 1°C m−1; horizontal scales of convective structures themselves are on the order of many tens of meters. Finally, convection is shown to strongly control the vertical distribution of water quality parameters.
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