Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation Lowers Blood Pressure in Humans Role for Nitrite-Derived NO
Inorganic Nitrate Supplementation Lowers Blood Pressure in Humans Role for Nitrite-Derived NO
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DOI：
10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.153536
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
Ahluwalia, Amrita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kapil, Vikas;Milsom, Alexandra B.;Ahluwalia, Amrita
摄入膳食中的(无机)硝酸盐可通过肠道-唾液循环中的生物转化提高循环和组织中亚硝酸盐的水平。此外，亚硝酸盐对人类来说是一种有效的血管扩张剂，这种效应被认为是饮食中摄入硝酸盐(以甜菜根汁的形式)降低血压的基础。无机硝酸盐是否是这些影响的基础，以及天然饮食硝酸盐或无机硝酸盐补充剂的影响是否与剂量有关，目前仍不确定。采用随机交叉研究设计，我们发现，补充硝酸盐(硝酸钾胶囊：4对12 mmo1[n=6]或24 mmo3(1488毫克硝酸钾)对24 mmol氯化钾[n=20])或蔬菜摄入(250毫升甜菜根汁[5.5 mmol硝酸盐]对250 mL水[n=9])会引起血浆亚硝酸盐浓度和cGMP浓度的剂量依赖性升高，从而降低健康志愿者的血压。此外，HOC后分析表明，男性志愿者对硝酸盐补充的敏感性取决于静息基线血压和血浆亚硝酸盐浓度，男性志愿者的血压降低，基线血压较高，血浆亚硝酸盐浓度较低，但女性志愿者没有。我们的发现表明，通过补充或饮食增加的形式摄入无机硝酸盐后，血压和血管保护作用呈剂量依赖性下降。此外，我们的后专案分析了涉及肠-唾液循环的硝酸盐加工过程中的密切性别差异，这可能是绝经前女性较低血压和血管保护表型的主要因素。(高血压。2010；56：274-281。)
Ingestion of dietary (inorganic) nitrate elevates circulating and tissue levels of nitrite via bioconversion in the entero-salivary circulation. In addition, nitrite is a potent vasodilator in humans, an effect thought to underlie the blood pressure-lowering effects of dietary nitrate (in the form of beetroot juice) ingestion. Whether inorganic nitrate underlies these effects and whether the effects of either naturally occurring dietary nitrate or inorganic nitrate supplementation are dose dependent remain uncertain. Using a randomized crossover study design, we show that nitrate supplementation (KNO3 capsules: 4 versus 12 mmol [n=6] or 24 mmol of KNO3 (1488 mg of nitrate) versus 24 mmol of KCl [n=20]) or vegetable intake (250 mL of beetroot juice [5.5 mmol nitrate] versus 250 mL of water [n=9]) causes dose-dependent elevation in plasma nitrite concentration and elevation of cGMP concentration with a consequent decrease in blood pressure in healthy volunteers. In addition, post hoc analysis demonstrates a sex difference in sensitivity to nitrate supplementation dependent on resting baseline blood pressure and plasma nitrite concentration, whereby blood pressure is decreased in male volunteers, with higher baseline blood pressure and lower plasma nitrite concentration but not in female volunteers. Our findings demonstrate dose-dependent decreases in blood pressure and vasoprotection after inorganic nitrate ingestion in the form of either supplementation or by dietary elevation. In addition, our post hoc analyses intimate sex differences in nitrate processing involving the entero-salivary circulation that are likely to be major contributing factors to the lower blood pressures and the vasoprotective phenotype of premenopausal women. (Hypertension. 2010;56:274-281.)