Wireless Medium Access Control under Mobility and Bursty Traffic Assumptions in WSNs
Wireless Medium Access Control under Mobility and Bursty Traffic Assumptions in WSNs
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DOI：
10.1007/s11036-015-0608-1
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发表时间：
2015-10-01
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Noel, Thomas
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Papadopoulos, Georgios Z.;Kotsiou, Vasileios;Noel, Thomas
在无线传感器网络 (WSN) 中，节点可以是静态的，也可以是移动的，具体取决于每个应用的要求。在媒体访问控制（MAC）协议的设计过程中，移动性可能会带来许多通信挑战。这些困难首先需要在移动和静态节点之间建立链路，然后需要高能效和低延迟的突发处理机制。在本研究中，我们研究了允许异步操作的前导码采样解决方案。我们首先向 ContikiMAC 引入任播传输，其中移动节点发出任播数据包，其第一个确认节点将负责将其转发到接收器。一旦建立了该链路，根据 ContikiMAC 各自的突发处理机制，突发传输就可以开始。尽管在文献中它被认为可以忽略不计，但这种基于任播的即时操作实际上会导致接收器处出现大量数据包重复。因此，我们证明即使是基本的基于任播的 M-ContikiMAC 也无法处理来自移动节点的突发流量，这主要是由于不必要的流量和信道占用的增加。然后，我们提出了移动性增强型 ContikiMAC (ME-ContikiMAC)，与 M-ContikiMAC 相比，该协议可将网络中的数据包重复减少 90% 以上。此外，我们在 48 节点场景中的结果表明，在减少延迟和能耗方面，ME-ContikiMAC 优于许多最先进的解决方案（包括 MoX-MAC 和 MOBINET）。
In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) the nodes can be either static or mobile depending on the requirements of each application. During the design of Medium Access Control (MAC) protocols, mobility may pose many communication challenges. These difficulties require first a link establishment between mobile and static nodes, and then an energy efficient and low delay burst handling mechanism. In this study, we investigate preamble-sampling solutions that allow asynchronous operation. We first introduce anycast transmission to ContikiMAC where a mobile node emits an anycast data packet whose first acknowledging node will serve as responsible to forward it towards the sink. Once this link is established, burst transmission can start, according to the respective burst handling mechanism of ContikiMAC. Although it is considered as negligible in the literature, such an anycast-based on-the-fly operation actually results in high packet duplication at the sink. Hence, we demonstrate that even a basic anycast-based M-ContikiMAC would fail to handle bursty traffic from mobile nodes mainly due to increased unnecessary traffic and channel occupancy. We then propose Mobility-Enhanced ContikiMAC (ME-ContikiMAC), a protocol that reduces packet duplications in the network by more than 90 % comparing to M-ContikiMAC. Moreover, our results in a 48-node scenario show that ME-ContikiMAC outperforms a number of state-of-the-art solutions (including MoX-MAC and MOBINET), by terms of reducing both delay and energy consumption.