Role of B cells and the aging brain in stroke recovery and treatment
Role of B cells and the aging brain in stroke recovery and treatment
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DOI：
10.1007/s11357-020-00242-9
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发表时间：
2020-08-07
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Ren, X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Engler-Chiurazz, E. B.;Monaghan, K. L.;Ren, X.
由于减缓脑老化仍然是一个关键的公共卫生优先事项，对衰老身体的整体和全面考虑已将免疫衰老确定为与年龄相关的脑损伤和疾病的潜在贡献者。重要的是，神经系统和免疫系统进行双向通信，并可以对彼此产生深远的影响。新出现的证据支持先天性、炎症性免疫应答和适应性T细胞介导的免疫在神经功能和患病或受伤的大脑状态（如中风）中的许多影响。事实上，越来越多的证据支持脑驻留免疫细胞激活和外周免疫浸润在中风后急性损伤阶段和长期恢复期的关键影响。因此，免疫系统的调节是一种有吸引力的策略，用于毁灭性的年龄相关脑损伤的新的治疗干预，其中几乎没有现成的神经保护治疗或神经恢复方法。然而，B细胞在脑功能中的作用，特别是在应对中风中的作用，尚未得到彻底阐明，仍然存在争议，使我们对神经免疫相互作用的理解不完整。重要的是，新出现的证据表明，B细胞不是中风损伤的致病因素，事实上可能有助于功能恢复，支持其作为新的治疗靶点的潜在价值。通过总结目前的知识，B细胞在中风的病理和恢复的作用，并解释其作用的背景下，他们与其他免疫细胞的相互作用，以及免疫衰老级联反应，改变他们的功能，在老年人群中，这篇评论支持增加了解的神经和免疫系统之间的复杂的相互作用，在大脑老化，损伤和疾病的背景下。
As mitigation of brain aging continues to be a key public health priority, a wholistic and comprehensive consideration of the aging body has identified immunosenescence as a potential contributor to age-related brain injury and disease. Importantly, the nervous and immune systems engage in bidirectional communication and can exert profound influence on each other. Emerging evidence supports numerous impacts of innate, inflammatory immune responses and adaptive T cell-mediated immunity in neurological function and diseased or injured brain states, such as stroke. Indeed, a growing body of evidence supports key impacts of brain-resident immune cell activation and peripheral immune infiltration in both the post-stroke acute injury phase and the long-term recovery period. As such, modulation of the immune system is an attractive strategy for novel therapeutic interventions for a devastating age-related brain injury for which there are few readily available neuroprotective treatments or neurorestorative approaches. However, the role of B cells in the context of brain function, and specifically in response to stroke, has not been thoroughly elucidated and remains controversial, leaving our understanding of neuroimmune interactions incomplete. Importantly, emerging evidence suggests that B cells are not pathogenic contributors to stroke injury, and in fact may facilitate functional recovery, supporting their potential value as novel therapeutic targets. By summarizing the current knowledge of the role of B cells in stroke pathology and recovery and interpreting their role in the context of their interactions with other immune cells as well as the immunosenescence cascades that alter their function in aged populations, this review supports an increased understanding of the complex interplay between the nervous and immune systems in the context of brain aging, injury, and disease.