Comprehensive bycatch assessment in US fisheries for prioritizing management
Comprehensive bycatch assessment in US fisheries for prioritizing management
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美国渔业综合兼捕评估以优先管理
DOI：
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
27.6
通讯作者：
E. Hazen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Savoca;S. Brodie;H. Welch;A. Hoover;L. Benaka;S. Bograd;E. Hazen
野生捕捞渔业有助于为数十亿人提供粮食安全，但非目标物种的兼捕威胁到生态系统健康和渔业的可持续性。适当的监测和渔业管理可以减少兼捕，但需要严格记录和有效传播标准化的兼捕数据。在这里，我们综合和分析了2010-2015年来自95个美国渔业的30,473个特定物种的兼捕记录。我们研究了鱼类和无脊椎动物、海洋哺乳动物、海鸟和海龟的兼捕模式，并开发了一个标准化的评分系统，即相对兼捕指数，以评估每个渔业的兼捕表现。据估计，在这6年中，鱼类和无脊椎动物的丢弃总量为193万吨(42.6亿英镑)。我们发现，全国的废品率为10.5%，大大低于过去的估计。我们的相对兼捕指数分析的结果可用于促进针对特定渔业或网具类型的管理干预战略，例如虾和水獭拖网以及几个中上层延绳钓和刺网渔业，这些渔业的兼捕表现最差。这些调查结果强调，需要持续、高质量、易于获取的副渔获物信息，以更好地支持美国和全球的渔业管理。野生渔业的可持续性受到非目标物种捕捞的限制。这项研究估计，2010-2015年间，来自美国渔业的此类“副渔获物”总量为193万吨，丢弃率为10.5%。尽管有相当大的改进，某些延绳钓、拖网和刺网渔业仍然存在兼捕问题。
Wild-capture fisheries help provide food security to billions of people, yet bycatch of non-target species threatens ecosystem health and fishery sustainability. Appropriate monitoring and fisheries management can mitigate bycatch but require standardized bycatch data to be robustly recorded and effectively disseminated. Here we integrated and analysed 30,473 species-specific bycatch records from 95 US fisheries in 2010–2015. We examined patterns in fish and invertebrate, marine mammal, seabird and sea turtle bycatch and developed a standardized scoring system, the relative bycatch index, to assess bycatch performance of each fishery. The estimated amount of fish and invertebrate discards totalled 1.93 million tonnes (4.26 billion pounds) over the 6-year period. We found that the national discard rate is 10.5%, considerably lower than past estimates. Results from our relative bycatch index analysis can be used to facilitate management intervention strategies for particular fisheries or gear types, such as shrimp and otter trawls and several pelagic longline and gillnet fisheries, which had the poorest bycatch performance. These findings underscore the need for continued, high-quality, easily accessible bycatch information to better support fisheries management in the United States and globally. The sustainability of wild fisheries is limited by the capture of non-target species. This study estimates that such ‘bycatch’ from US fisheries totalled 1.93 million tonnes in 2010–2015, with a 10.5% discard rate. Despite considerable improvements, certain longline, trawl and gillnet fisheries have persistent bycatch issues.