SYMMETRY OF CONTROL BY EXCLUSION IN HUMANS ARBITRARY MATCHING TO SAMPLE
SYMMETRY OF CONTROL BY EXCLUSION IN HUMANS ARBITRARY MATCHING TO SAMPLE
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DOI：
10.2466/pr0.1989.64.3.915
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发表时间：
1989-06-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
STROMER, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
STROMER, R
对正常能力的儿童和成人进行任意匹配视觉样本刺激和不相同的视觉比较刺激：如果选择样本A1，则加强选择比较B1；若为A2，则选择B2加强。未强化的测试包括(1)当样本也是新颖的时，评估对新颖比较的偏好；(2)当交替比较是熟悉的B或A刺激时，评估对最不喜欢的新颖比较的选择。在后一种测试中，受试者倾向于选择新颖的比较，而不是B或A刺激；这些表现支持了排除控制的推论。研究发现，受试者在进行比较时排除了A刺激，这与之前的研究相反，表明在这些条件下，排除的控制是对称的。排除测试后的偏好测试表明，6名受试者中有4人学习了新的任意匹配行为；当排除基础（B或A刺激）被移除时，他们对新比较的选择仍然存在。
Normally capable children and adults were taught arbitrary matching of visual sample stimuli and nonidentical visual comparison stimuli: if Sample A1, selecting comparison B1 was reinforced; if A2, selecting B2 was reinforced. Unreinforced tests included (1) those that assessed preferences between novel comparsions when samples were also novel and (2) those that assessed selections of the least-preferred novel comparisons when the alternate comparisons were familiar B or A stimuli. Subjects during the latter tests tended to select the novel comparisons and not the B or A stimuli; these performances supported an inference of control by exclusion. The finding that subjects excluded the A stimuli when they were displayed as comparisons is contrary to previous research and suggests that control by exclusion was symmetrical under these conditions. Preference tests given after exclusion testing suggested that four of six subjects learned new arbitrary matching performances; their selections of the novel comparisons persisted when the basis of exclusion (B or A stimuli) was removed.