IMPLICATIONS OF THE DOHA DECLARATION ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
IMPLICATIONS OF THE DOHA DECLARATION ON THE TRIPS AGREEMENT AND PUBLIC HEALTH
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《多哈宣言》对 TRIPS 协议和公众健康的影响
DOI：
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发表时间：
2002
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Correa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Correa
复制或翻译世卫组织出版物的许可请求——无论是为了销售还是非商业分发——应向出版物部门提出，地址如上（传真：+41 22 791 4806；电子邮件：permissions@who.int）。本出版物中使用的名称和材料的表述并不意味着世界卫生组织对任何国家、领土、城市或地区或其当局的法律地位，或其边界或边界的划定表达任何意见。地图上的虚线代表可能尚未完全一致的大致边界线。提及特定公司或某些制造商的产品并不意味着它们得到世界卫生组织的认可或推荐，优先于其他未提及的类似性质的公司或制造商的产品。除错误和遗漏外，专有产品的名称均以首字母大写字母区分。世界卫生组织不保证本出版物中所含信息的完整性和正确性，并且对因使用本出版物而造成的任何损害不承担任何责任。该协议申明，《TRIPS 协议》的解释和实施应以保护公众健康和促进所有人获得药品为目标，这标志着国际贸易的一个分水岭，表明基于规则的贸易体系应符合公众健康利益。该宣言体现了世卫组织在过去四年中公开倡导和推进的原则，即重申世贸组织成员充分利用《与贸易有关的知识产权协议》的保障条款来保护公众健康和增加药品获取的权利。 TRIPS 协定第 31 条 (f) 款规定，强制许可必须主要针对授予许可的成员的国内市场的供应而颁发。因此，许多没有重要制药部门的国家无法利用 TRIPS 的强制许可条款。尽管成员可以颁发进口强制许可，但仅限于从药品未获得专利或保护期已过期的国家进口货物。由于新型救生药物的仿制药生产来源将在 2005 年之后逐渐耗尽，因此解决这一问题对于会员确保获得负担得起的药物以满足公共卫生需求的努力极为重要。因此，……的第 6 段
Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for noncommercial distribution – should be addressed to Publications, at the above address (fax: +41 22 791 4806; email: permissions@who.int). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which there may not yet be full agreement. The mention of specific companies or of certain manufacturers' products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by the World Health Organization in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. which affirms that the TRIPS Agreement should be interpreted and implemented so as to protect public health and promote access to medicines for all, marked a watershed in international trade demonstrating that a rules-based trading system should be compatible with public health interests. The Declaration enshrines the principle WHO has publicly advocated and advanced over the last four years, namely the reaffirmation of the right of WTO Members to make full use of the safeguard provisions of the TRIPS Agreement to protect public health and enhance access to medicines. Article 31 (f) of the TRIPS Agreement stipulates that a compulsory licence must be issued predominantly for the supply of the domestic market of the Member granting the licence. Consequently, many countries without a significant pharmaceutical sector have not been able to take advantage of the compulsory licensing provisions of TRIPS. Although Members may issue compulsory licences for importation, they are restricted to importing goods from countries where pharmaceuticals are not patented, or where their term of protection has expired. As the sources for generic production of newer life saving drugs will increasingly run out after 2005, resolving this problem is of extreme importance to Members' efforts to secure access to affordable medicines to address public health needs. Consequently, Paragraph 6 of the …