Indirect sources of herbicide exposure for families on Ontario farms
Indirect sources of herbicide exposure for families on Ontario farms
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500441
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发表时间：
2006-01-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Hall, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arbuckle, TE;Bruce, D;Hall, JC
虽然在混合/装载、施用或维修和清理期间的直接接触是生活在农场的个人接触除草剂的主要途径，但间接来源，如接触受污染的表面也可能有影响。作为衡量农场家庭接触除草剂的性质和程度的生物监测研究的一部分，我们试图在安大略32个农场的子集中确定潜在的间接接触源。除草剂残留在饮用水样本以及家庭内的常见表面的表面擦拭进行了测量，并与尿浓度的涂抹器，配偶和孩子进行比较。在所有测试的表面上都测量了2，4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2，4-D）的残留量，其中在家中的洗衣机旋钮和洗涤水龙头上发现的残留量最高。饮用水不是农场家庭暴露于2，4-D的重要来源。家庭成员的尿样与在外门把手上测得的2，4-D残留量呈弱相关。我们研究中的施用者是我们研究组中暴露量最高的亚群，其暴露量低于加拿大和美国监管机构认为安全的每日终生暴露量的三分之一。由于2，4-D残留物在当时未报告使用2，4-D的农场家庭的表面上被检测到，这表明在前一个季节（或在邻近的农场）使用的2，4-D可能会被追踪到家中，并在坚硬的表面上持续存在，并成为家庭成员的慢性暴露源，尽管水平较低。应向农药施用者及其家人提供卫生习惯方面的咨询（如：G.在进入家中之前脱掉鞋靴并清洗脏手），以减少间接接触源。
Although direct contact during mixing/loading, application or repair and clean-up is the major pathway by which individuals living on farms are exposed to herbicides, indirect sources such as contact with contaminated surfaces may also contribute. As part of a biomonitoring study to measure the nature and extent of exposure of farm families to herbicides, we attempted to identify potential indirect sources of exposure in a subset of 32 Ontario farms. Herbicide residues in drinking water samples as well as surface swipes of common surfaces within the home were measured and compared with urinary concentrations of the applicator, spouse and child. Residues of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) were measured on all surfaces that were tested, with the highest levels found on the washing machine knob and wash-up faucet within the home. Drinking water was not a significant source of exposure to 2,4-D for farm families. Urine samples of family members were weakly correlated with residues of 2,4-D measured on the exterior door knob. The applicators in our study, the most highly exposed subpopulation in our study group, had exposures that were less than one-third of the exposure on a daily, lifetime basis deemed to be safe by regulatory agencies in Canada and the United States. As 2,4-D residues were detected on surfaces in farm homes where 2,4-D was not reportedly used at that time, this suggests that 2,4-D applied during a previous season (or on a neighbouring farm) may be tracked into the home and persist on hard surfaces and be a chronic, albeit low level, source of exposure for family members. Pesticide applicators and their families should be counselled on hygienic practices (e. g. removing footware and washing soiled hands prior to entering the home) to reduce indirect sources of exposure.