Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study
Patterns of Oral Microbiota Diversity in Adults and Children: A Crowdsourced Population Study
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-020-59016-0
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发表时间：
2020-02-07
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Metcalf, Jessica L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Burcham, Zachary M.;Garneau, Nicole L.;Metcalf, Jessica L.
口腔微生物群失调与多种局部和全身性人类疾病有关，如龋齿、牙周病、肥胖和心血管疾病。细菌组成可能受到年龄、口腔健康、饮食和地理的影响，尽管在普通公众中发现的关于自然变异的信息仍然缺乏。在这项研究中，公民科学家使用众包模型从丹佛自然与科学博物馆的客人那里获得口腔细菌组成数据，以确定之前怀疑的口腔微生物组与个人的人口统计学、生活方式和/或遗传学的关联是否足够强大和普遍，足以在普通人群中检测到。与过去的研究一致，我们发现与成年人相比，青年微生物群中的细菌组成更加多样化。成人口腔微生物群主要受口腔健康习惯的影响，而青少年微生物群受生物性别和体重状况的影响。口腔病原体密螺旋体在最近没有看过牙医的成年人和肥胖的年轻人中更常见。此外，来自同一家庭参与者的口腔微生物群彼此更相似，而不是来自无关个人的口腔微生物群。这些结果表明，以前报道的口腔微生物组关联在包含普通公众中常见的自然变异的人类群体中可以观察到。此外，这些结果支持使用众包数据作为获取基于社区的微生物组数据的有效方法。
Oral microbiome dysbiosis has been associated with various local and systemic human diseases such as dental caries, periodontal disease, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. Bacterial composition may be affected by age, oral health, diet, and geography, although information about the natural variation found in the general public is still lacking. In this study, citizen-scientists used a crowdsourcing model to obtain oral bacterial composition data from guests at the Denver Museum of Nature & Science to determine if previously suspected oral microbiome associations with an individual's demographics, lifestyle, and/or genetics are robust and generalizable enough to be detected within a general population. Consistent with past research, we found bacterial composition to be more diverse in youth microbiomes when compared to adults. Adult oral microbiomes were predominantly impacted by oral health habits, while youth microbiomes were impacted by biological sex and weight status. The oral pathogen Treponema was detected more commonly in adults without recent dentist visits and in obese youth. Additionally, oral microbiomes from participants of the same family were more similar to each other than to oral microbiomes from non-related individuals. These results suggest that previously reported oral microbiome associations are observable in a human population containing the natural variation commonly found in the general public. Furthermore, these results support the use of crowdsourced data as a valid methodology to obtain community-based microbiome data.