Do moderators of the optimistic bias affect personal or target risk estimates? A review of the literature
Do moderators of the optimistic bias affect personal or target risk estimates? A review of the literature
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DOI：
10.1207/s15327957pspr0501_5
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发表时间：
2001-01-01
影响因子：
10.8
通讯作者：
Shepperd, JA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Helweg-Larsen, M;Shepperd, JA
乐观偏见被定义为判断自己的风险小于他人的风险。研究人员已经确定了许多个人和情境因素，这些因素会缓和人们表现出偏见的程度。然而，目前还不清楚这些调节者是否通过影响人们的个人风险估计或他们对目标的风险估计来影响偏见。对乐观偏见的主持人的评论揭示了这两种影响的证据。与消极影响（消极情绪，烦躁不安，特质和状态焦虑，事件严重程度，和反馈的接近度）和控制相关的主持人（感知控制和先前的经验）似乎主要影响个人风险估计。积极情绪影响目标风险估计。最后，围绕比较过程的主持人似乎有不同的效果。具体而言，比较目标的类型似乎会影响目标风险估计，而对个人风险相关行为的关注会影响个人风险估计。
The optimistic bias is defined as judging one's own risk as less than the risk of others. Researchers have identified numerous personal and situational factors that moderate the extent to which people display the bias. It is unclear, however; whether these moderators affect the bias by influencing people's personal risk estimates or their risk estimates for a target. A review of moderators of the optimistic bias reveals evidence for both influences. Moderators associated with negative affect (negative mood, dysphoria, trait and state anxiety, event severity, and proximity of feedback) and control related moderators (perceived control and prior experience) appear primarily to affect personal risk estimates. Positive mood affects target risk estimates. Finally, moderators that surround the comparison process appear to have different effects. Specifically, the type of comparison target appears to affect target risk estimates, whereas attention to personal risk-related behaviors affects personal risk estimates.