Fast and ultrafast non-echo-planar MR imaging techniques
Fast and ultrafast non-echo-planar MR imaging techniques
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DOI：
10.1007/s00330-002-1428-9
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发表时间：
2002-12-01
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Nitz, WR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nitz, WR
快速和超快磁共振成像的主题通常包括相对缓慢的破坏横向磁化的梯度回波技术（FLASH, FFE-T1， SPGR），部分重新聚焦横向磁化的梯度回波技术（FISP， FEE， GRASS），完全重新聚焦横向磁化的梯度回波技术（trueFISP, balanced FEE， FIESTA），多回波自旋回波技术（RARE， TSE， FSE），多回波自旋回波和梯度回波技术的混合（GRASE， TGSE），最后是单发技术（HASTE, SS-FSE， EPI）。本文介绍了非回波平面快速成像技术的序列结构及其潜在的临床应用。本文介绍了与序列无关的快速成像技术的最新进展，如空间谐波同步采集（SMASH）和灵敏度编码（SENSE），以及QUEST和BURST等新技术。由于最近在完全重聚焦横向磁化的梯度回波技术（trueFISP, balanced FEE， FIESTA）上取得了成功，因此本文将更详细地讨论这种“更快”的梯度回波技术，然后是多回波自旋回波技术，该技术与多回波梯度回波（EPI）技术相对应，本文未对此进行讨论。三个主要领域似乎是扩大免疫的领域：扩散；灌注;和血氧水平依赖成像（BOLD, fMRI）。对于所有其他应用，由于EPI的一些固有问题，有充分的空间利用其他快速和超快速成像技术。
The topic fast and ultrafast MR imaging commonly includes relatively slow gradient-echo techniques with spoiled transverse magnetization (FLASH, FFE-T1, SPGR), gradient-echo techniques with partially refocused transverse magnetization (FISP, FEE, GRASS), gradient-echo techniques with fully refocused transverse magnetization (trueFISP, balanced FEE, FIESTA), the multi-echo spin-echo techniques (RARE, TSE, FSE), a mixture of multi-echo spin-echo and gradient-echo techniques (GRASE, TGSE), and finally single-shot techniques (HASTE, SS-FSE, EPI). This article gives a description of the sequence structures of non-echo-planar fast imaging techniques and a list of potential clinical applications. Recent advances in faster imaging which are not sequence related, such as simultaneous acquisitions of spatial harmonics (SMASH) and sensitivity encoding (SENSE) for fast MRI, are mentioned as well as some novel techniques such as QUEST and BURST. Due to the recent success with gradient-echo techniques with fully refocused transverse magnetization (trueFISP, balanced FEE, FIESTA), this "faster" gradient-echo technique is discussed in more detail followed by multi-echo spin-echo techniques that present the counterpart to the multi-echo gradient-echo (EPI) technique, which is not discussed in this paper. Three major areas appear to be the domain for EPI: diffusion; perfusion; and blood oxygenation level dependent imaging (BOLD, fMRI). For all other applications there is ample room for utilizing other fast and ultrafast imaging techniques, due to some intrinsic problems with EPI.