Gross structure of the atriums:: More than an anatomic curiosity?
Gross structure of the atriums:: More than an anatomic curiosity?
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1460-9592.2002.00342.x
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发表时间：
2002-03-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Sánchez-Quintana, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ho, SY;Anderson, RH;Sánchez-Quintana, D
尽管有大量关于心房心律失常的文献，但关于房室解剖的文章相对较少。由于心房心律失常的电生理制图和介入治疗涉及到进入心房，本文综述了大体结构，以便更好地了解心房、隔膜和连接的大静脉。此外，在人类心脏的基础上，强调了猪和狗心脏的差异。左右心房的特点是形态上不同的附属物。右心房有明显的肌束和广泛的束状肌。末端嵴的远端分支导致“颤振”峡。相比之下，左心房的壁相对光滑。房间隔限于卵圆窝瓣膜及其紧邻的肌缘。心房肌肉组织延伸到静脉-心房连接处以外的肺静脉。最长的袖子在上肺静脉周围，类似的袖子在上腔静脉周围可见。中庭的结构不仅仅是解剖学上的奇观。它对绘图和介入程序具有实际意义。
Despite the extensive literature concerning atrial arrhythmias, there are relatively few articles on the anatomy of the atrial chambers. Since electrophysiological mapping and interventional treatments of atrial arrhythmias involve entering the chambers, this article reviews the gross structures to provide a better understanding of the atriums, the septum, and the connecting great veins. In addition, based on the human heart, differences between porcine and canine hearts are highlighted. The right and left atriums are characterized by morphologically distinct appendages. The right atrium contains prominent muscular bundles and an extensive array of pectinate muscles. The distal ramifications of the terminal crest lead to the "flutter" isthmus. By contrast, the left atrium has relatively smooth walls. The atrial septum is limited to the valve of the oval fossa and its immediate muscular rim. Atrial musculature extends beyond the veno-atrial junctions to the outside of the pulmonary veins. The longest sleeves are around the upper pulmonary veins, and similar sleeves are seen around the superior caval vein. The structure of the atrium is more than an anatomic curiosity. It has practical implications for mapping and interventional procedures.