Integrated Circuits and Electrode Interfaces for Noninvasive Physiological Monitoring
Integrated Circuits and Electrode Interfaces for Noninvasive Physiological Monitoring
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DOI：
10.1109/tbme.2014.2308552
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发表时间：
2014-05-01
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Cauwenberghs, Gert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ha, Sohmyung;Kim, Chul;Cauwenberghs, Gert
本文概述了无创生理监测仪器的基本原理和最新技术，重点关注电极和光极与身体的接口，以及用于不引人注目的可穿戴应用的微功耗集成电路设计。由于电极/光极-主体接口是无创监测系统的性能限制因素，因此为生物电势采集、电极-组织阻抗测量和光学生物信号传感提供了实用的接口配置。使用以弱反转方式运行的 CMOS 晶体管进行仪表放大器 (IA) 设计的系统方法已被证明可提供高能量和噪声效率。通过对最先进 IAs 的调查，说明了消除 1/f 噪声、抵消电极偏移漂移、提高共模抑制比和获得亚赫兹高通截止的实用方法。此外，还回顾了电极组织阻抗测量、光电体积描记法、功能性近红外光谱以及信号编码和量化的基本原理和最先进的技术，以及包括无线传输在内的整体电源管理的附加指南。介绍了实用的干接触式和非接触式心脏、呼吸、肌肉和大脑监测系统及其临床应用的示例。
This paper presents an overview of the fundamentals and state of the-art in noninvasive physiological monitoring instrumentation with a focus on electrode and optrode interfaces to the body, and micropower-integrated circuit design for unobtrusive wearable applications. Since the electrode/optrode-body interface is a performance limiting factor in noninvasive monitoring systems, practical interface configurations are offered for biopotential acquisition, electrode-tissue impedance measurement, and optical biosignal sensing. A systematic approach to instrumentation amplifier (IA) design using CMOS transistors operating in weak inversion is shown to offer high energy and noise efficiency. Practical methodologies to obviate 1/f noise, counteract electrode offset drift, improve common-mode rejection ratio, and obtain subhertz high-pass cutoff are illustrated with a survey of the state-of-theart IAs. Furthermore, fundamental principles and state-of-the-art technologies for electrode-tissue impedance measurement, photoplethysmography, functional near-infrared spectroscopy, and signal coding and quantization are reviewed, with additional guidelines for overall power management including wireless transmission. Examples are presented of practical dry-contact and noncontact cardiac, respiratory, muscle and brain monitoring systems, and their clinical applications.