High Endothelial Venules and Other Blood Vessels: Critical Regulators of Lymphoid Organ Development and Function.
High Endothelial Venules and Other Blood Vessels: Critical Regulators of Lymphoid Organ Development and Function.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2017.00045
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Ager A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ager A
血管系统通过为造血细胞的进入提供通道来调节次级淋巴器官的发育和功能。在胚胎淋巴器官发育过程中，血管输送淋巴组织诱导细胞，启动和维持淋巴组织的发育。在成人中，血管在结构上不同于其他器官，因为在非炎症条件下需要高水平的淋巴细胞募集。在淋巴结（LNs）和Peyer 's斑块中，特别适合淋巴细胞运输的高内皮小静脉（HEVs）形成了一个空间组织的血管网络，它控制着淋巴细胞的类型和进入淋巴组织的位置。独特的是，hev表达调节淋巴细胞进入淋巴器官的血管地址，因此对淋巴器官的功能至关重要。最近的研究表明，CD11c+树突状细胞在诱导和维持血管寻址蛋白表达以及hev功能方面发挥着重要作用。三级淋巴样器官（TLOs）是一种含有淋巴样结构的HEV，在有组织的组织中发生慢性免疫介导的炎症。在自身免疫性病变中，TLOs的发展被认为会加剧疾病。在癌组织中，hev和TLOs的发展与几种癌症患者预后的改善有关。因此，了解是什么驱动了hev和TLOs的发展，以及这些结构如何促进病理是很重要的。在几种人类疾病和慢性炎症实验动物模型中，LN和TLOs内hev的发育和功能有一些相似之处。本文将总结目前关于造血细胞如何从血液中募集具有诱导淋巴组织、诱导hev和维持hev特性的造血细胞来诱导淋巴器官的发育和控制其功能的知识。
The blood vasculature regulates both the development and function of secondary lymphoid organs by providing a portal for entry of hemopoietic cells. During the development of lymphoid organs in the embryo, blood vessels deliver lymphoid tissue inducer cells that initiate and sustain the development of lymphoid tissues. In adults, the blood vessels are structurally distinct from those in other organs due to the requirement for high levels of lymphocyte recruitment under non-inflammatory conditions. In lymph nodes (LNs) and Peyer’s patches, high endothelial venules (HEVs) especially adapted for lymphocyte trafficking form a spatially organized network of blood vessels, which controls both the type of lymphocyte and the site of entry into lymphoid tissues. Uniquely, HEVs express vascular addressins that regulate lymphocyte entry into lymphoid organs and are, therefore, critical to the function of lymphoid organs. Recent studies have demonstrated important roles for CD11c+ dendritic cells in the induction, as well as the maintenance, of vascular addressin expression and, therefore, the function of HEVs. Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are HEV containing LN-like structures that develop inside organized tissues undergoing chronic immune-mediated inflammation. In autoimmune lesions, the development of TLOs is thought to exacerbate disease. In cancerous tissues, the development of HEVs and TLOs is associated with improved patient outcomes in several cancers. Therefore, it is important to understand what drives the development of HEVs and TLOs and how these structures contribute to pathology. In several human diseases and experimental animal models of chronic inflammation, there are some similarities between the development and function of HEVs within LN and TLOs. This review will summarize current knowledge of how hemopoietic cells with lymphoid tissue-inducing, HEV-inducing, and HEV-maintaining properties are recruited from the bloodstream to induce the development and control the function of lymphoid organs.