Chinese Hereditary Mathematician Families of the Astronomical Bureau, 1620-1850
Chinese Hereditary Mathematician Families of the Astronomical Bureau, 1620-1850
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发表时间：
2015
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通讯作者：
P. Chang
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作者：
P. Chang
中国天文局的传统数学家家族，1620-1850作者：张炳颖顾问：约瑟夫·W·本论文以台湾中央研究院语言文字史研究所的大秘书处网络档案为基础，结合大量的数位档案资料，对清代天文局的世袭数学家家族进行重建。研究发现了这些遗传数学家家族在天文局长期职业生涯中表现出的几种模式和策略。研究发现，直到清朝末年，家族网络仍然是天文局招募新成员的最重要渠道。此外，天文局的专业数学家愿意学习新知识，包括从中国传统的大协和历法转换到欧洲耶稣会数学家介绍的新西方方法，只要他们的家人得到适当的奖励，他们就会继续派遣后代为天文局工作。本文选择清初著名数学家贺国宗家族作为研究对象，是因为贺国宗家族的相关记载非常丰富，而且在天文局历史的几个重要关头都发挥了重要作用。家族关系成为天文局在18世纪后期停滞不前的一个原因。然而，本文以世纪上半叶的经略使敬正与世数世家为例，说明了一个有能力的管理者和严格实施的定期考试制度，有效地刺激了数学世家之间的竞争，淘汰了旧的、无能的世家，如何家。感谢约瑟夫·道本教授，他不仅教会了我研究历史的方法，还让我感受到了历史研究的乐趣。没有他的耐心和鼓励，我的博士之旅不会有一个愉快的结局。我还要感谢我的论文委员会的其他成员，理查德·卢夫拉诺教授、大卫·戈登教授和洪万胜教授。感谢您阅读我的论文并给我宝贵的建议。致我所有的朋友：杰西、蒋志杰、王宗宪、美琳、陈子珍、维琪、怀洛和许多其他人，谢谢你们让我保持高昂的精神，给我这么多的帮助，我的生活。
CHINESE HEREDITARY MATHEMATICIAN FAMILIES OF THE ASTRONOMICAL BUREAU, 1620–1850 by Ping-Ying Chang Adviser: Professor Joseph W. Dauben This dissertation presents a research that relied on the online Archive of the Grand Secretariat at the Institute of History of Philology of the Academia Sinica in Taiwan and many digitized archival materials to reconstruct the hereditary mathematician families of the Astronomical Bureau in Qing China. The research found several patterns and strategies that these hereditary mathematician families exhibited during their long careers at the Astronomical Bureau. It found that family networks remained the most important channel that the Astronomical Bureau used to recruit new members until the last days of the Qing dynasty. Moreover, professional mathematicians at the Astronomical Bureau were willing to learn new knowledge—including switching from the Chinese traditional Great Concordance system of calendar making to the New Western Method introduced by European Jesuit mathematicians— and continue sending their descendants to work for the Astronomical Bureau as long as their families were properly rewarded. This dissertation chooses the family of He Guozong, one of the most famous mathematicians of the early Qing period, as its representative case, because of the richness of the records related to the He family and the roles it played in several important junctures of the v history of the Astronomical Bureau. Familial connection became a cause of the stagnation of the Astronomical Bureau in the late eighteen century. However, the dissertation uses the case study of superintendent Jingzheng and the hereditary mathematician families in the first half of the nineteenth century to show that a capable administrator and a strictly implemented periodical examination system had effectively stimulated competition among mathematician families and ousted the old and incompetent ones, such as the He family. vi Acknowledgements I would like to express my sincerest thanks and gratitude to Professor Joseph Dauben, who had taught me not just the methods but also the joy of historical research. Without his patience and encouragement, my journey to earning a PhD would not come to a happy conclusion. I also wish to express my appreciation to the other members of my dissertation committee, Professors Richard Lufrano, David Gordon, and Wann-Sheng Horng. Thanks for reading my dissertation and giving me invaluable advices. To all my friends: Jessie, Cj Chiang, SC Wang, Maylin, TzuChen, Vickie, Huailo and many others, thank you for keeping my spirits high and giving me so many helps to my life.