Fairness and the changing fortunes of people in Britain
Fairness and the changing fortunes of people in Britain
复制标题
公平与英国人民命运的变化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Dorling
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Dorling
不同的人对公平有不同的定义，其中一些人可能比另一些人更公平。这篇论文思考了从威廉·贝弗里奇年轻时到他的研究助理哈罗德·威尔逊担任首相时，再到今天，英国一些关键的生活机会发生了怎样的变化。重点是在地理上定义的不同群体之间在关键结果方面的不平等。在上个世纪和几十年中，收入和财富不平等发生了怎样的变化，死亡率又有了怎样的变化？学校考试通行证、大学入学、就业，甚至监禁率的变化对我们今天的生活有何影响？为了更好地理解公平的变化和我们的命运，这些趋势有时必须放在更长的历史和更广泛的地理背景下看待。有时，有必要回顾一个世纪，才能发现与今天类似的不平等。要知道这种不平等并不普遍，需要将英国国内不断变化的收入不平等程度与其他非常相似的民族国家的趋势进行比较。如果要反驳不平等加剧不可避免的论点，这种比较是必不可少的。公平和财富究竟是如何衡量的，会改变我们认为它们是在上升还是在下降。数以千计的统计数据也可能是枯燥的，因此图形和一些更不寻常的可视化打开了地图，用来说明这里讨论的趋势。
Summary. Different people have different definitions of fairness, some of which may be fairer than others. The paper considers how some key life chances have changed in Britain from the time when William Beveridge was a young man, to when his research assistant, Harold Wilson, was Prime Minister, and then to today. The emphasis is on inequalities in critical outcomes between different groups that have been defined geographically. How have income and wealth inequalities altered over the course of the last century and few decades and how have rates of mortality varied? How do the geographies of school examination passes, university entry, employment or even changing rates of imprisonment influence our lives today? To understand changes in fairness and our fortunes better these trends sometimes must be put in a longer historical and a wider geographical context. Sometimes it is necessary to look back a century in time to find comparable inequality with that of today. And to know that such inequality is not universal the changing levels of income inequalities within Britain need to be compared with trends in otherwise very similar nation states. Such comparison is essential if the argument that rising inequality is inevitable is to be countered. Precisely how fairness and fortune are measured alters whether we find them to be rising or falling. Thousands of statistics can also be dull and so graphics and some more unusual visualizations which open up the map are used to illustrate the trends that are discussed here.
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
L. Andrade;J. Caraveo-Anduaga;P. Berglund;R. Bijl;R. Kessler;Olga V. Demler;E. Walters;C. Kylyc;D. Offord;T. B. Üstün;H. Wittchen
通讯作者：
L. Andrade;J. Caraveo-Anduaga;P. Berglund;R. Bijl;R. Kessler;Olga V. Demler;E. Walters;C. Kylyc;D. Offord;T. B. Üstün;H. Wittchen
女儿和左翼投票
影响因子：
8
作者：
Oswald A
通讯作者：
Oswald A