Maternal care provides antifungal protection to eggs in the European earwig
Maternal care provides antifungal protection to eggs in the European earwig
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DOI：
10.1093/beheco/aru046
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发表时间：
2014-07-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Koelliker, Mathias
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Boos, Stefan;Meunier, Joel;Koelliker, Mathias
许多昆虫在有机基质或微生物丰富的土壤中养育后代。微生物可能通过分解食物资源或直接感染后代，对后代的发育和生存构成严重威胁。科普这些影响的选择可能有利于社会防御，例如，通过父母照顾的形式，可以限制或消除这些对后代健康的威胁。在这项研究中，我们通过实验测试，如果在欧洲的earwig Forficula auricularia产妇卵出席有一个功能，作为一个社会防御霉菌感染的鸡蛋通过操纵鸡蛋暴露于霉菌孢子和存在的母亲在一个完全析因设计。此外，我们还研究了卵梳理行为和化学物质的母体转移作为潜在机制的潜在作用。正如预测的那样，当鸡蛋暴露于霉菌时，鸡蛋出席对孵化成功的有益影响显著增强。女性显着增加了他们的鸡蛋梳理时间，以应对模具暴露她的鸡蛋，和化学物质（确定为碳氢化合物）的数量保持在出席鸡蛋，但大幅下降无人值守的鸡蛋。母亲转移的化学品被证实在提取的玻璃珠，混合到有人看管或无人看管的离合器。这项研究表明，在欧洲earwig母亲的鸡蛋出席有一个社会防御功能，保护后代免受霉菌感染。母亲的卵梳理行为似乎是这种效果的关键，可能是通过机械去除孢子和在卵表面持续应用化学物质。
Many insects raise their offspring on organic substrates or in the soil where microorganisms are abundant. Microbes may pose a serious threat to offspring development and survival by either decomposing food resources or directly infecting the offspring. Selection to cope with these effects may favor social defenses, for example, through forms of parental care that can limit or eliminate these threats to offspring fitness. In this study, we experimentally tested if maternal egg attendance in the European earwig Forficula auricularia has a function as a social defense against mold infection of eggs by manipulating exposure of eggs to mold spores and the presence of the mother in a fully factorial design. Furthermore, we investigated the potential roles of egg grooming behavior and maternal transfer of chemicals as underlying mechanisms. As predicted, the beneficial effect of egg attendance on hatching success was significantly enhanced when eggs were exposed to the mold. Females significantly increased their egg grooming duration in response to mold exposure of her eggs, and the quantity of chemicals (identified as hydrocarbons) was maintained among attended eggs but decreased substantially among unattended eggs. Maternal transfer of chemicals was confirmed in extractions of glass beads that were mingled into attended or unattended clutches. This study shows that maternal egg attendance in the European earwig has a social defense function protecting offspring against mold infection. The maternal egg grooming behavior seems to be key for this effect, probably through both the mechanical removal of spores and the continued application of chemical substances on the egg surface.