Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality: An Inquiry into the Formation of the State System
Of Systems, Boundaries, and Territoriality: An Inquiry into the Formation of the State System
复制标题
体系、边界与领土：对国家体系形成的探究
作者：
F. Kratochwil
作者探讨了边界在基于领土和基于非领土的社会组织中的变化功能。通过关注边界调节的交换，可以给出比传统系统理论所提供的更全面的关于单元相互作用的系统特征的描述。两个案例研究表明，帝国边界与国家制度中的边界有很大不同。边界被证明是国际体系中管理冲突的主要手段。作者还调查了边界位置的变化，权力平衡系统的特点，以及通过捆绑或解除领土权利而限制和扩大边界所允许的交流。导致势力范围、缓冲国家、宗主国等的大多数后一种手段已经被事件取代，但基于默契而不是明确规则的职能制度和势力范围仍然很重要。
The author explores the changing functions of boundaries in territorially and nonterritorially based social organizations. By focusing on the exchanges that boundaries mediate, a fuller account can be given of the systems characteristics in which the units interact than is afforded by traditional systems theory. Two case studies demonstrate that imperial boundaries differ significantly from those in the state system. Boundaries are shown to be the major means for conflict management in the international system. The author also investigates shifts in the location of the boundary, characteristics of balance-of-power systems, and the restriction and expansion of the exchanges that boundaries allow through the bundling or unbundling of territorial rights. Most of the latter devices that gave rise to spheres of influence, buffer states, suzerainties, and so forth have been overtaken by events, but functional regimes and spheres of influence based upon tacit rather than explicit rules remain important.