Epidemiology of food allergy
Epidemiology of food allergy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jaci.2010.11.044
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发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
14.2
通讯作者：
Sicherer, Scott H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sicherer, Scott H.
对食物的不良反应可能有多种原因，但食物过敏是由特定的免疫反应引起的。确定食物过敏患病率的挑战包括错误分类、有偏见的参与、缺乏简单的诊断测试、疾病的快速演变、大量的潜在触发因素和不同的临床表型。尽管如此，很明显，这是一种常见的疾病，研究表明累积患病率为3%至6%，对生活质量和成本产生重大影响。纳入对水果和蔬菜的轻度反应可能导致某些地区的患病率超过10%。许多研究的数据表明患病率增加，但方法学问题值得谨慎。患病率因年龄、地理位置和可能的种族/民族而异。许多儿童食物过敏症状会消失。基于人群的流行病学研究产生了许多关于风险的新理论，包括可改变的因素，如母婴饮食的组成，肥胖和食物引入的时间。最近和正在进行的研究提供了关于风险因素，患病率和自然病程的见解，可以为临床试验提供信息，以改善诊断，预防和治疗。（J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127：594-602.）
Adverse reactions to foods can occur for a variety of reasons, but a food allergy is caused by a specific immune response. Challenges to determine the prevalence of food allergy include misclassification, biased participation, lack of simple diagnostic tests, rapid evolution of disease, large numbers of potential triggers, and varied clinical phenotypes. Nonetheless, it is clear that this is a common disorder, with studies suggesting a cumulative prevalence of 3% to 6%, representing a significant impact on quality of life and costs. The inclusion of mild reactions to fruits and vegetables could result in calculation of prevalence exceeding 10% in some regions. There are data from numerous studies to suggest an increase in prevalence, but methodologic concerns warrant caution. Prevalence varies by age, geographic location, and possibly race/ethnicity. Many childhood food allergies resolve. Population-based epidemiologic studies have generated numerous novel theories regarding risks, including modifiable factors such as components of the maternal and infant diet, obesity, and the timing of food introduction. Recent and ongoing studies provide insights on risk factors, prevalence, and natural course that may inform clinical trials to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment. (J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011;127:594-602.)