Environmental Samples Test Negative for Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Four Months after Mass Mortality at A Seabird Colony.
Environmental Samples Test Negative for Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 Four Months after Mass Mortality at A Seabird Colony.
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DOI：
10.3390/pathogens12040584
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发表时间：
2023-04-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Banyard AC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Furness RW;Gear SC;Camphuysen KCJ;Tyler G;de Silva D;Warren CJ;James J;Reid SM;Banyard AC
高致病性禽流感 (HPAI) 在 2021 年和 2022 年夏季对多个海鸟种群产生了深远影响。感染在整个群体中迅速传播，造成了前所未有的死亡率。 2022 年 5 月至 7 月，在设得兰群岛富拉，1500 只正在繁殖的成年大贼鸥死亡，总共约两吨分解的携带病毒的物质。由于政府政策不清除死鸟，尸体被留在死亡的地方。影响感染进一步传播风险的因素尚不确定，但有证据表明，高致病性禽流感可以在凉爽条件下在水中持续数月，可能是生活在湿地的鸟类的主要传播因素。我们于 2022 年 10 月对水样进行了采样，调查了从不到 45 具腐烂尸体和三个淡水湖泊/溪流中收集的水样中感染进一步传播的风险，当时大贼鸥尸体已腐烂成骨头、皮肤和羽毛。死亡后四个月没有检测到病毒遗传物质，这表明当海鸟在下一个繁殖季节返回时，当地环境感染海鸟的风险较低。这些发现虽然基于相对较少的水样，但表明设得兰群岛典型的高降雨量可能冲走了腐烂尸体上的病毒。然而，在未来高致病性禽流感爆发期间和爆发后立即对海鸟群落进行环境监测的设计中，需要考虑到我们研究的局限性。
High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) profoundly impacted several seabird populations during the summers of 2021 and 2022. Infection spread rapidly across colonies, causing unprecedented mortality. At Foula, Shetland, 1500 breeding adult great skuas Stercorarius skua, totalling about two tonnes of decomposing virus-laden material, died at the colony in May−July 2022. Carcasses were left where they died as Government policy was not to remove dead birds. The factors influencing risk of further spread of infection are uncertain, but evidence suggests that HPAI can persist in water for many months in cool conditions and may be a major transmission factor for birds living in wetlands. We investigated risk of further spread of infection from water samples collected from under 45 decomposing carcasses and in three freshwater lochs/streams by sampling water in October 2022, by which time the great skua carcasses had rotted to bones, skin, and feathers. No viral genetic material was detected four months after the mortality, suggesting a low risk of seabird infection from the local environment when the seabirds would return the next breeding season. These findings, although based on a relatively small number of water samples, suggest that the high rainfall typical at Shetland probably washed away the virus from the decomposing carcasses. However, limitations to our study need to be taken on board in the design of environmental monitoring at seabird colonies during and immediately after future outbreaks of HPAI.
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影响因子：
1.7
作者：
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