When Do People Deploy Genetic Determinism? A Review Pointing to the Need for Multi-factorial Theories of Public Utilization of Scientific Discourses
When Do People Deploy Genetic Determinism? A Review Pointing to the Need for Multi-factorial Theories of Public Utilization of Scientific Discourses
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1751-9020.2011.00385.x
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发表时间：
2011-07-01
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Condit, Celeste M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Condit, Celeste M.
二十多年来，人文和社会科学领域的学者们一直谨慎而深思地关注着基于生物学，尤其是基于遗传学的人类行为解释日益增长的影响。对遗传决定论的关注已成为这种关注的焦点，因为它被认为是遗传技术产生歧视性影响的关键。大量的实证研究表明，基因决定论实际上与歧视态度有关，包括偏见、社会支配取向、性别歧视和种族主义。然而，幸运的是，研究还表明，大多数非专业人士对基因决定论的运用既是有限的，也是战略性的，主要是为了自己的利益，比如保护有价值的行为（这些行为对健康无益）或避免受到指责。基于现有社会话语理论的预测与基于个人层面实践的实证研究之间的脱节突出表明，在未来的社会理论中，特别是关于健康行为、科学研究和公众对科学的理解的理论，需要对生物偏见、个人行为和社会结构进行理论整合。
For over two decades, scholars in the humanities and social sciences have attended warily and thoughtfully to the growing influence of biological and especially genetics-based explanations of human behavior.Concern about genetic determinism has formed a focal point of this attention, because it was presumed to provide a lynchpin for discriminatory effects arising from genetics technologies. Substantial empirical research has now demonstrated that genetic determinism is in fact linked to discriminatory attitudes including prejudice, Social Dominance Orientation, sexism, and racism. Fortunately, however, the research has also indicated that most lay people's deployment of genetic determinism is both limited and strategic, primarily serving self-interests such as protecting valued behaviors (which are not health conducive) or avoiding blame. The disjunction between predictions based on existing social theories of discourse and empirical research on individual- level practices highlights the need for a theoretical integration of biological biases, individual actions, and social structures in future social theories, especially theories about health behaviors, science studies, and public understanding of science.