Comparison of Driving Errors Between On-the-Road and Simulated Driving Assessment: A Validation Study
Comparison of Driving Errors Between On-the-Road and Simulated Driving Assessment: A Validation Study
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DOI：
10.1080/15389580902894989
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Mann, William
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shechtman, Orit;Classen, Sherrilene;Mann, William
目的：模拟驾驶为驾驶员行为评估提供一种方便、安全的方法。然而，许多作者都同意，验证是利用模拟器评估驾驶性能的任何研究的关键组成部分。本研究的目的是通过识别驾驶员的行为反应（以错误的类型和数量表示）在道路上和在模拟器中是否相似来测试驾驶员反应的有效性。方法：我们在我们的驾驶模拟器（STISIM M500W; Systems Technology Inc.）中复制了现实世界的十字路口，并评估了39名参与者在道路上和模拟器中左右转弯时所犯的驾驶错误的数量和类型。结果：我们发现车辆类型（道路vs模拟器）和转弯类型（右转vs左转）对任何驾驶错误都没有显著的相互作用，这表明在道路和模拟器中发生的驾驶错误之间存在相同的趋势，从而表明模拟器的相对有效性。我们还发现，道路和模拟器在车道维护、对刺激的调整和视觉扫描错误方面没有显著差异，表明这些类型的错误是绝对有效的。结论：研究结果初步支持了驾驶模拟器的外部有效性，表明在模拟器中评估转弯时驾驶误差的结果可以推广或转移到相同测试条件下的道路上。为了确定模拟器中的驾驶表现是否能预测道路上的驾驶表现，还需要进行更大样本量的后续研究。
Objective: Driving simulation provides a convenient and safe method for assessing driving behaviors. Many authors, however, agree that validation is a key component of any study that utilizes simulators to assess driving performance. The purpose of this study was to test driver response validity by discerning whether behavioral responses of drivers, as expressed by type and number of errors, are similar on the road and in the simulator. Methods: We replicated real-world intersections in our driving simulator (STISIM M500W; Systems Technology Inc.) and assessed the number and type of driving errors committed by the same 39 participants while negotiating a right and a left turn both on the road and in the simulator. Results: We found no significant interactions between the type of vehicle (road vs. simulator) and the type of turn (right versus left) for any of the driving errors, indicating that the same trends exist between driving errors made on the road and in the simulator and thus suggesting relative validity of the simulator. We also found no significant differences between the road and the simulator for lane maintenance, adjustment to stimuli, and visual scanning errors, indicating absolute validity for these types of errors. Conclusions: The findings suggest early support for external validity for our driving simulator, indicating that the results of assessing driving errors when negotiating turns in the simulator can be generalized or transferred to the road under the same testing conditions. A follow-up study with larger sample size is needed to establish whether driving performance in the simulator is predictive of driving performance on the road.