Domesticating International Commitments: Linking National and International Decision-Making
Domesticating International Commitments: Linking National and International Decision-Making
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国内化国际承诺：将国家和国际决策联系起来
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Underdal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
K. Hanf;A. Underdal
越来越多的世界各国政府被要求制定和实施联合解决集体政策问题的办法——从非法生产和分销毒品到全球气候变化。人们至少提出了两种主张来解释国际政策问题的扩散。有人将这种发展归因于沟通、交易和跨境外部性交换的数量和“强度”的增加。这一解释背后的基本假设是，在其他条件相同的情况下，两个社会之间的互动越多，他们对彼此就越敏感和脆弱（Keohane和Nye， 1977, 8 f）。两个行动者之间的相互依赖程度越高，他们就越关心对方的行为。另一种观点侧重于政府角色的变化，其基本论点是，随着政府对社会干预的范围扩大——就像它在本世纪的大部分时间里所做的那样——新的问题被引入了公共政策领域。如果这些问题具有国际影响，它们也可能反过来成为政府间谈判的议题。根据这一假说，驱动力是政府在经济活动和社会生活中作用的扩大，而不是社会间相互依存水平或范围的变化（Morse, 1973; Sundelius, 1984）。
To an increasing extent governments all over the world are being called upon to work out and implement joint solutions to collective policy problems — ranging from the illegal production and distribution of drugs to global climate change. At least two propositions have been offered to account for the proliferation of international policy problems. One attributes this development to increases in the volume and ‘intensity’ of communication, transactions and exchanges of externalities across borders. The underlying assumption behind this line of explanation is that, other things being equal, the higher the volume of interaction between two societies, the more sensitive and vulnerable they tend to become towards each other (Keohane and Nye, 1977, 8 f). And the greater the interdependence between two actors, the more each of them will care about what the other does. An alternative proposition focuses on changes in the role of government, the basic argument being that as the scope of government intervention into society expands — as it has done throughout most of this century — new problems have been drawn into the sphere of public policy. To the extent that these problems have international ramifications, they may in turn also become topics of intergovernmental negotiations. The driving force, according to this hypothesis, is the expanding role of government in economic activities and social life rather than changes in the level or scope of interdependence among societies (Morse, 1973; Sundelius, 1984).