THE MEASUREMENT OF SELECTION ON CORRELATED CHARACTERS
THE MEASUREMENT OF SELECTION ON CORRELATED CHARACTERS
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DOI：
10.2307/2408842
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
ARNOLD, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
LANDE, R;ARNOLD, SJ
多变量统计方法是用来测量选择的，它仅仅是从观察到的一代内群体中表型性状分布的变化中得出的。选择效应在不随年龄变化的性状中很容易检测到，例如在具有有限生长的物种中的分生性状或成年性状。个体发育特征，包括异速生长率，可以在纵向研究中进行分析，其中个体随时间变化。按照皮尔逊（Pearson，1903）开创的方法，这种分析有助于揭示选择的目标，并量化其强度，而无需识别选择剂。通过解释通过相关性状的间接选择，可以测量直接作用于每个性状的定向选择和稳定选择（或破坏性选择）的单独力量。这些定向选择系数和稳定选择系数分别是描述个体适合度选择表面的最佳线性和二次近似的参数，作为表型性状的函数。该理论是说明通过估计选择力的形态特征影响生存的蝽[Euschistus variolarius]和在室内麻雀[Passer acuticus]在恶劣的天气条件下。
Multivariate statistical methods are derived for measuring selection solely from observed changes in the distribution of phenotypic characters in a population within a generation. Selective effects are readily detectable in characters that do not change with age, such as meristic traits or adult characters in species with determinate growth. Ontogenetic characters, including allometric growth rates, can be analyzed in longitudinal studies where individuals are followed through time. Following an approach pioneered by Pearson (1903), this analysis helps to reveal the target(s) of selection, and to quantify its intensity, without identifying the selective agent(s). By accounting for indirect selection through correlated characters, separate forces of directional and stabilizing (or disruptive) selection acting directly on each character can be measured. These directional and stabilizing selection coefficients are respectively the parameters that describe the best linear and quadratic approximations to the selective surface of individual fitness as a function of the phenotypic characters. The theory is illustrated by estimating selective forces on morphological characters influencing survival in pentatomid bugs [Euschistus variolarius] and in house sparrows [Passer domesticus] during severe weather conditions.