Public appraisal of government efforts and participation intent in medico-ethical policymaking in Japan: a large scale national survey concerning brain death and organ transplant.
Public appraisal of government efforts and participation intent in medico-ethical policymaking in Japan: a large scale national survey concerning brain death and organ transplant.
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DOI：
10.1186/1472-6939-6-1
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发表时间：
2005-01-20
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Kai I
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sato H;Akabayashi A;Kai I
公众对政策过程的满意度影响着政策的合法性和接受度，并决定着未来的政治进程，尤其是在涉及到相互竞争的伦理价值判断时。另一方面，如果要制定和接受有效的政策，就需要公众的参与。利用一项大规模的全国民意调查的数据，本研究评估了公众对日本政府过去努力使脑死亡器官移植合法化的评价，并考察了公众参与未来政策的意图。相当大比例的人是在政府行动开始时意识到这个问题的，而且越来越多的人对有关政策形成了自己的看法。然而，相当多的人（43.3%）仍然不知道任何立法努力，只有26.3%的人知道政策制定过程提供了积极的评价。此外，大多数受访者（61.8%）表示不愿意参与未来有关生物伦理问题的政策讨论。多变量分析显示，以下因素与政策制定的积极评价相关：年龄较大；较早形成意见；以及对捐赠卡的熟悉程度。与未来参与政策讨论的可能性相关的因素包括年龄更小，对问题的关注更早，以及对过去政府努力的了解。那些不愿意参与的人以专家更有知识和问题太复杂为理由。本文介绍了日本一项民意调查的结果，并讨论了与之相关的一系列统计因素。需要进一步努力改进有关生物伦理问题的决策过程。
Public satisfaction with policy process influences the legitimacy and acceptance of policies, and conditions the future political process, especially when contending ethical value judgments are involved. On the other hand, public involvement is required if effective policy is to be developed and accepted. Using the data from a large-scale national opinion survey, this study evaluates public appraisal of past government efforts to legalize organ transplant from brain-dead bodies in Japan, and examines the public's intent to participate in future policy. A relatively large percentage of people became aware of the issue when government actions were initiated, and many increasingly formed their own opinions on the policy in question. However, a significant number (43.3%) remained unaware of any legislative efforts, and only 26.3% of those who were aware provided positive appraisals of the policymaking process. Furthermore, a majority of respondents (61.8%) indicated unwillingness to participate in future policy discussions of bioethical issues. Multivariate analysis revealed the following factors are associated with positive appraisals of policy development: greater age; earlier opinion formation; and familiarity with donor cards. Factors associated with likelihood of future participation in policy discussion include younger age, earlier attention to the issue, and knowledge of past government efforts. Those unwilling to participate cited as their reasons that experts are more knowledgeable and that the issues are too complex. Results of an opinion survey in Japan were presented, and a set of factors statistically associated with them were discussed. Further efforts to improve policy making process on bioethical issues are desirable.