A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of Health, Safety, and Greening Vacant Urban Space
A Difference-in-Differences Analysis of Health, Safety, and Greening Vacant Urban Space
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwr273
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发表时间：
2011-12-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Ten Have, Thomas R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Branas, Charles C.;Cheney, Rose A.;Ten Have, Thomas R.
城市空置土地的绿化可能会影响健康和安全。作者对宾夕法尼亚州费城的一项空地绿化计划对健康和安全结果的影响进行了长达十年的差异分析。将处理后的空置地块与符合条件但没有接受处理的对照组空地之间的结果差异进行了比较。从2个资格池中随机选择对照地段，并按城市部分以3：1的比例与处理地段进行匹配。对随机效应回归模型、替代模型和稳健性检验进行了拟合。从1999年到2008年，在费城的4个地段，4436块总计超过780万平方英尺(约725,000平方米)的空地被绿化。回归调整后的估计显示，空地绿化与该市所有4个区枪击事件的持续减少(P<；0.001)和该市1个区的破坏行为持续减少(P<；0.001)相关。回归调整后的估计还显示，空地绿化与居民报告的压力较小和在城市选定区域进行更多锻炼有关(P<；0.01)。一旦绿化，空地可能会减少某些犯罪，并促进某些方面的健康。本文还讨论了当前研究的局限性。有必要进行基于社区的试验，以进一步检验这些发现。
Greening of vacant urban land may affect health and safety. The authors conducted a decade-long difference-in-differences analysis of the impact of a vacant lot greening program in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on health and safety outcomes. "Before" and "after" outcome differences among treated vacant lots were compared with matched groups of control vacant lots that were eligible but did not receive treatment. Control lots from 2 eligibility pools were randomly selected and matched to treated lots at a 3: 1 ratio by city section. Random-effects regression models were fitted, along with alternative models and robustness checks. Across 4 sections of Philadelphia, 4,436 vacant lots totaling over 7.8 million square feet (about 725,000 m(2)) were greened from 1999 to 2008. Regression-adjusted estimates showed that vacant lot greening was associated with consistent reductions in gun assaults across all 4 sections of the city (P < 0.001) and consistent reductions in vandalism in 1 section of the city (P < 0.001). Regression-adjusted estimates also showed that vacant lot greening was associated with residents' reporting less stress and more exercise in select sections of the city (P < 0.01). Once greened, vacant lots may reduce certain crimes and promote some aspects of health. Limitations of the current study are discussed. Community-based trials are warranted to further test these findings.