The comparative biology of genetic variation for conditional sex ratio behavior in a parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis.
The comparative biology of genetic variation for conditional sex ratio behavior in a parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis.
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寄生黄蜂 Nasonia vitripennis 条件性别比例行为遗传变异的比较生物学。
DOI：
10.1093/genetics/127.3.583
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Gladstone,J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Orzack,SH;ParkerJr,ED;Gladstone,J
利用遗传标记技术，跟踪了1、2、4、8和16号雌蜂个体的性比行为。从自然种群中提取的12个雌株的比较表明，不同大小的雌蜂所产生的性比具有显著的品系间异质性。在关于种群结构的简单假设下，这种异质性导致适合度的异质性。这些品系的条件性比行为(雌性对不同大小的母体的性比反应)是不同的。一些品系的雌性会随着雌性群体规模的增加而产生更多的雄性(最高可达8个个体)。另一个品系的雌性在不独处时会产生更多的雄性，但在其他情况下对群体大小的反应不会有差异。另外两个品系的雌性没有表现出条件性比行为。只有两个品系的雌性在8号和16号的雌性个体中表现不同。相关和回归分析表明，这两个品系与条件性比行为的进化稳定策略(ESS)模型的预测有显著差异。这种异质性与这种物种的雌性具有在ESS意义上最优的条件性比行为的概念相矛盾。结果表明，这个ESS模型是有用的，但不足以理解这种行为在该物种中进化的因果基础。这是首次报道寄生黄蜂在多个雌蜂群体中的个体性比行为。这种类型的数据(而不是创始群体或“补丁”性别比例)对于测试预测个体性别比例行为的进化模型是必不可少的。我们建议对ESS模型的测试包括两个重要问题的答案：1)模型在数量上是准确的吗？2)是否有合理的证据表明自然选择导致了个体表现出ESS行为？
Using genetic markers, we tracked the sex ratio behavior of individual females of the parasitic wasp, Nasonia vitripennis, in foundress groups of size 1, 2, 4, 8 and 16. Comparison of 12 isofemale strains extracted from a natural population reveals significant between-strain heterogeneity of sex ratios produced in all sizes of foundress group. Under simple assumptions about population structure, this heterogeneity results in heterogeneity of fitnesses. The strains differ in their conditional sex ratio behavior (the sex ratio response of a female to foundress groups of different sizes). Females of some strains produce more males as foundress group size increases (up to size eight). Females of another strain produce more males when not alone but do not respond differentially to group size otherwise. Females of two other strains show no conditional sex ratio behavior. Females of only two strains behave differently in foundress groups of size 8 and 16. Correlation and regression analyses indicate that the strains differ significantly in their fit to the predictions of an evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) model of conditional sex ratio behavior. Such heterogeneity contradicts the notion that females of this species possess conditonal sex ratio behavior that is optimal in the ESS sense. The results imply that this ESS model is useful but not sufficient for understanding the causal basis of the evolution of this behavior in this species. This is the first report on the sex ratio behavior of individual females in multiple foundress groups in any species of parasitic wasp. Data of this type (and not foundress group or "patch" sex ratios) are essential for testing evolutionary models that predict the sex ratio behaviors of individuals. We suggest that a test for an ESS model include the answers to two important questions: 1) is the model quantitatively accurate? and 2) is there reasonable evidence to indicate that natural selection has caused individuals to manifest the ESS behavior?