Multiregional Pb isotopic linear patterns and diagenesis: Isotopes from ancient animal enamel show Native American “foreign war trophies” are local ancestors
Multiregional Pb isotopic linear patterns and diagenesis: Isotopes from ancient animal enamel show Native American “foreign war trophies” are local ancestors
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多区域铅同位素线性模式和成岩作用：古代动物牙釉质的同位素显示美洲原住民“对外战争战利品”是当地祖先
DOI：
10.1016/j.jas.2023.105804
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Potra, Adriana
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Samuelsen, John R.;Potra, Adriana
头骨埋葬在世界各地都有发现，通常被解释为外国人、牺牲品或战争受害者。古代美洲原住民头骨沉积的原因常常导致学者们在战争和祖先崇拜之间产生分歧。大多数先前的研究表明，美国阿肯色州西南部的卡多头骨和下颌骨沉积物（由头骨簇和孤立的下颌骨簇组成）包含区域间战争的外国受害者，代表至少 352 人（公元 1253 年至 1399 年）。虽然锶同位素常用于考古学来调查此类问题，但它们并没有为遗骸的地理起源提供决定性的答案。本研究通过利用古代动物牙釉质构建大规模多区域铅同位素背景，并利用其相关的线性模式来评估人类地理起源，从而推进了生物可用铅方法。通过对牙齿和埋葬土壤中微量元素数据的相关分析，对人类牙釉质中成岩作用引起的铅污染进行评估和推进。美国中南部 28 个古代遗址总共加工了 180 颗动物牙齿。将 Pb 同位素线性图案分析与 Sr 同位素相结合，使我们能够确定头骨和下颌骨位于阿肯色州西南部，并表明或强烈表明它们对于所有其他测试区域来说都是非本地的。这说明了铅同位素在人类地理起源研究中的重要性。它还提供了一个警示故事，即应使用适当的方法和证据来评估对与分离头骨相关的暴力的解释，并对其他解释保持批判性的眼光。这项研究是与俄克拉荷马州卡多民族合作进行的，为后裔社区和研究人员提供了有关遗骸的问题的答案，成为利益相关者如何团结起来并产生积极成果的一个例子。
Skull burials are found all over the world and often are interpreted to be foreigners, sacrifices, or victims of warfare. The cause of ancient Native American skull deposits often leads to disagreement among scholars torn between warfare and ancestor veneration. Most previous research suggested a Caddo skull-and-mandible deposit (consisting of clusters of skulls and clusters of isolated mandibles) in southwest Arkansas, USA contained foreign victims of interregional warfare, representing at least 352 people (1253–1399 CE). While Sr isotopes are commonly used in archaeology to investigate such issues, they did not provide a conclusive answer to the geographic origin of the remains. This study advances the biologically available Pb method by constructing a large-scale multiregional Pb isotopic background with ancient animal tooth enamel and uses their associated linear patterns to evaluate human geographic origins. Evaluation of Pb contamination through diagenesis in human tooth enamel is evaluated and advanced using correlation analysis of trace elemental data from teeth and burial soil. A total of 180 animal teeth were processed from 28 ancient sites in the southcentral USA. Combining Pb isotopic linear patterning analysis with the Sr isoscape allows us to establish that the skulls and mandibles are local to southwest Arkansas and indicate or strongly suggest they are non-local to all other tested regions. This illustrates the importance of Pb isotopes in studies of human geographic origins. It also provides one cautionary tale that interpretations about violence related to detached skulls should be evaluated with appropriate methods and evidence and with a critical eye for other explanations. This study was conducted in collaboration with the Caddo Nation of Oklahoma and provided both the descendant community and researchers with answers to the questions surrounding the remains, serving as one example of how stakeholders can come together and produce positive outcomes.
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