Global imprint of mycorrhizal fungi on whole-plant nutrient economics
Global imprint of mycorrhizal fungi on whole-plant nutrient economics
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1906655116
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发表时间：
2019-11-12
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Kivlin, Stephanie N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Averill, Colin;Bhatnagar, Jennifer M.;Kivlin, Stephanie N.
菌根真菌是植物微生物群的重要成员，与地球上大多数植物的根形成共生关系。大多数植物物种要么与丛枝菌根真菌合作，要么与外生菌根真菌合作，这些共生被认为代表着植物对土壤养分循环速度快或慢的适应。这产生了第二个假说，即丛枝和外生菌根植物的物种特征补充和加强了这些真菌策略，导致了营养获取和保守的植物性状特征。本文分析了2940种木本植物的17764个物种水平的性状观测，结果表明，菌根植物在氮、磷经济性状上存在着系统的差异。温带地区的差异最为明显，在那里，外生菌根植物比丛枝菌根植物更保守地利用氮和磷。这种差异反映在地上和地下植物的性状上，并且对进化历史、固氮能力、落叶、纬度和物种气候生态位具有很强的控制力。此外，菌根效应很大，通常与植物固氮能力或落叶与常绿叶片习性的影响相似或更大。在北方和热带生态系统中，外生菌根植物也比丛枝植物更保守氮，尽管在温带以外的地区磷利用的差异不那么明显。我们的发现支持了当前植根于菌根生态学的生态系统理论，并支持了植物菌根联合与植物营养经济策略的进化有关的假说。
Mycorrhizal fungi are critical members of the plant microbiome, forming a symbiosis with the roots of most plants on Earth. Most plant species partner with either arbuscular or ectomycorrhizal fungi, and these symbioses are thought to represent plant adaptations to fast and slow soil nutrient cycling rates. This generates a second hypothesis, that arbuscular and ectomycorrhizal plant species traits complement and reinforce these fungal strategies, resulting in nutrient acquisitive vs. conservative plant trait profiles. Here we analyzed 17,764 species level trait observations from 2,940 woody plant species to show that mycorrhizal plants differ systematically in nitrogen and phosphorus economic traits. Differences were clearest in temperate latitudes, where ectomycorrhizal plant species are more nitrogen use- and phosphorus use-conservative than arbuscular mycorrhizal species. This difference is reflected in both aboveground and belowground plant traits and is robust to controlling for evolutionary history, nitrogen fixation ability, deciduousness, latitude, and species climate niche. Furthermore, mycorrhizal effects are large and frequently similar to or greater in magnitude than the influence of plant nitrogen fixation ability or deciduous vs. evergreen leaf habit. Ectomycorrhizal plants are also more nitrogen conservative than arbuscular plants in boreal and tropical ecosystems, although differences in phosphorus use are less apparent outside temperate latitudes. Our findings bolster current theories of ecosystems rooted in mycorrhizal ecology and support the hypothesis that plant mycorrhizal association is linked to the evolution of plant nutrient economic strategies.