Effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on physical indexes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight school-age children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Effects of aerobic exercise and resistance exercise on physical indexes and cardiovascular risk factors in obese and overweight school-age children: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0257150
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Yu CCW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chen T;Lin J;Lin Y;Xu L;Lu D;Li F;Hou L;Yu CCW
肥胖是一个严重的社会和公共卫生问题，在世界范围内，特别是在儿童和青少年。对于学龄期肥胖儿童来说，这个阶段正处于从童年到青春期的过渡期，无论是生理、心理还是外部环境都将充满挑战。研究表明，学龄儿童是成年后继续肥胖的人中比例最大的。体育锻炼被认为是控制体重的有效方法。因此，我们就着重于这一点来研究改善哪些因素会减少儿童肥胖。探讨有氧运动和抗阻运动对超重或肥胖学龄儿童体质指数（BMI）、体脂百分比等身体指标及心血管危险因素（VO 2峰值、甘油三酯（TG）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）、总胆固醇（TC）、胰岛素及胰岛素抵抗）的影响。检索PubMed、SPORTDiscus、Medline、Cochrane-Library、Scopus、奥维德和Web of Science，以查找2000年至2021年期间发表的6-12岁肥胖和超重学龄儿童研究。文章均为随机对照试验（RCT），均为英文。采用随机效应和固定效应模型综合分析有氧抗阻运动对学龄期超重或肥胖儿童六种元素的影响。主要结局指标为BMI。共确定了13项RCT（504例受试者）。组间分析显示有氧运动和抗阻运动对改善BMI有效（MD = -0.66; p < 0.00001），体脂百分比（MD = -1.29; p = 0.02）、TG（标准MD = -1.14; p = 0.005）、LDL（标准MD = -1.38; p = 0.003）、TC（标准MD = -0.77; p = 0.002）、VO 2峰值（标准MD = 1.25; p = 0.001）。然而，有氧运动和抗阻运动在改善HDL方面并不显著（std.MD = 0.13; p = 0.27）。有氧运动和抗阻运动与学龄期肥胖或超重儿童BMI、体脂百分比、VO 2峰值、TG、LDL、TC的改善相关，而与HDL的改善无关。在我们的综述中无法分析胰岛素和胰岛素抵抗。但是，关于学龄期肥胖和超重儿童抗阻运动的文章只有两篇，远远少于有氧运动的12篇，因此我们无法比较两种运动的效果。
Obesity is a serious social and public health problem in the world, especially in children and adolescents. For school-age children with obesity, this stage is in the transition from childhood to adolescence, and both physical, psychological, and external environments will be full of challenges. Studies have showed that school-age children are the largest proportion of people who continue to be obese in adulthood. Physical exercise is considered as an effective way to control weight. Therefore, we focus on this point to study which factors will be improved to reduce childhood obesity. To assess the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on physical indexes, such as body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage, and cardiovascular risk factors such as VO2peak, triglycerides (TG) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), total cholesterol (TC), insulin and insulin resistance in school-age children who are overweight or obese. PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Medline, Cochrane-Library, Scopus, Ovid and Web of Science were searched to locate studies published between 2000 and 2021 in obese and overweight school-age children between 6–12 years old. The articles are all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and in English. Data were synthesized using a random-effect or a fixed-effect model to analyze the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise on six elements in in school-age children with overweight or obese. The primary outcome measures were set for BMI. A total of 13 RCTs (504 participants) were identified. Analysis of the between-group showed that aerobic and resistance exercise were effective in improving BMI (MD = -0.66; p < 0.00001), body fat percentage (MD = -1.29; p = 0.02), TG (std.MD = -1.14; p = 0.005), LDL (std.MD = -1.38; p = 0.003), TC (std.MD = -0.77; p = 0.002), VO2peak (std.MD = 1.25; p = 0.001). However, aerobic and resistance exercise were not significant in improving HDL (std.MD = 0.13; p = 0.27). Aerobic exercise and resistance exercise are associated with improvement in BMI, body fat percentage, VO2peak, TG, LDL, TC, while not in HDL in school-age children with obesity or overweight. Insulin and insulin resistance were not able to be analyzed in our review. However, there are only two articles related to resistance exercise in children with obesity and overweight at school age, which is far less than the number of 12 articles about aerobic exercise, so we cannot compare the effects of the two types of exercises.