Facial Expression Rendering in Medical Training Simulators: Current Status and Future Directions
Facial Expression Rendering in Medical Training Simulators: Current Status and Future Directions
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DOI：
10.1109/access.2020.3041173
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Nanayakkara, Thrishantha
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lalitharatne, Thilina Dulantha;Tan, Yongxuan;Nanayakkara, Thrishantha
机器人感测和致动方法的最新技术进步促使开发了一系列具有多种反馈模式的新型医疗训练模拟器。学习在医疗检查或程序期间解释患者的面部表情一直是医疗培训的关键重点领域之一。本文回顾了面部表情渲染系统的医疗培训模拟器，已报告的日期。在其他领域的面部表情绘制方法也进行了总结，将这些作品的知识到开发系统的医疗培训模拟器。介绍了具有面部表情绘制功能的医学训练模拟器的分类和比较，并概述了其重要的设计特点、优点和局限性。医学教育工作者，学生和开发人员被确定为三个关键的利益相关者参与这些系统和他们的考虑和需求。物理-虚拟（混合）方法提供多模态反馈，呈现准确的面部表情渲染，并且可以模拟不同年龄，性别和种族的患者;使其比虚拟和物理系统更具通用性。这篇评论的总体结果和未来的发展方向是有益的研究人员有兴趣在医疗培训模拟器启动或开发这样的面部表情渲染系统。
Recent technological advances in robotic sensing and actuation methods have prompted development of a range of new medical training simulators with multiple feedback modalities. Learning to interpret facial expressions of a patient during medical examinations or procedures has been one of the key focus areas in medical training. This article reviews facial expression rendering systems in medical training simulators that have been reported to date. Facial expression rendering approaches in other domains are also summarized to incorporate the knowledge from those works into developing systems for medical training simulators. Classifications and comparisons of medical training simulators with facial expression rendering are presented, and important design features, merits and limitations are outlined. Medical educators, students and developers are identified as the three key stakeholders involved with these systems and their considerations and needs are presented. Physical-virtual (hybrid) approaches provide multimodal feedback, present accurate facial expression rendering, and can simulate patients of different age, gender and ethnicity group; makes it more versatile than virtual and physical systems. The overall findings of this review and proposed future directions are beneficial to researchers interested in initiating or developing such facial expression rendering systems in medical training simulators.