Achieving a more robust antiviral RNAi via subverting a viral virulence protein
Achieving a more robust antiviral RNAi via subverting a viral virulence protein
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.molp.2022.09.020
复制
发表时间：
2022-09
期刊：
影响因子：
27.5
通讯作者：
Liyuan You;Ruize Zhang;Z. Fu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liyuan You;Ruize Zhang;Z. Fu
作为具有小基因组的亚微观生物，病毒只能在活细胞内复制。事实上，病毒可以感染所有形式的生命，从动植物到微生物，包括真菌、细菌和古生菌。除了众所周知的人类疾病，如人类获得性免疫缺陷综合征、普通感冒、流感、肝炎和冠状病毒病2019年，病毒病原体还导致全球每年超过300亿美元的作物产量损失(Chauhan等人，2019年)。RNA干扰(RNAi)在植物、线虫、真菌、脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中保守，已被证明在宿主防御病毒病原体方面发挥重要作用。RNAi也被称为转录后基因沉默、共抑制或平息。基因沉默首先在植物中被发现(Lindbo和Dougherty，2005)。DICER或DICER样蛋白将病毒RNA处理成小RNA，然后引导Argane将RNAi诱导的沉默复合体(RISC)通过Watson-Crick碱基配对连接到病毒RNA中的靶，导致病毒抑制(Wilson和Doudna，2013)。然而，宿主适应的病毒病原体发展了RNAi抑制因子(VSR)，它拮抗抗病毒RNAi。例如，SARS-CoV-1/2的核衣壳蛋白通过双链RNA隔离抑制病毒衍生的小干扰RNA(VsiRNAs)的产生(Li和Ding，2022)。另一方面，马铃薯Y病毒的HC-Pro VSR与vsiRNAs结合，并抑制它们加载到ArgAerte蛋白上(Valli等人，2018年)。
As submicroscopic organisms with small genomes, viruses can only replicate inside living cells. In fact, viruses can infect all forms of life, from animals and plants to microorganisms including fungi, bacteria, and archaea. Besides well-known human diseases such as human acquired immune deficiency syndrome, common cold, influenza, hepatitis, and coronavirus disease 2019, viral pathogens also cause more than $30 billion crop yield losses annually worldwide (Chauhan et al., 2019).RNA interference (RNAi), which is conserved in plants, nematodes, fungi, vertebrates, and invertebrates, has been proven to play a major role in host defense against viral pathogens. RNAi is also known as post-transcriptional gene silencing, cosuppression, or quelling. Gene silencing was first discovered in plants (Lindbo and Dougherty, 2005). Dicer or Dicer-like proteins process viral RNAs into small RNAs, which then guide Argonautecontaining RNAi-induced silencing complex (RISC) to the targets in viral RNAs through Watson-Crick base pairing, resulting in viral repression (Wilson and Doudna, 2013). Host-adapted viral pathogens, however, developed suppressor of RNAi (VSR), which antagonizes antiviral RNAi. For example, the nucleocapsid protein from SARS-CoV-1/2 suppresses the production of viralderived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) through doublestranded RNA sequestration (Li and Ding, 2022). On the other hand, the HC-Pro VSR of potyviruses binds vsiRNAs and inhibits their loading onto Argonaute proteins (Valli et al., 2018).