Anatomical Characteristics of Petalized Anther Abortion in Male Sterile Camellia oleifera Plants
Anatomical Characteristics of Petalized Anther Abortion in Male Sterile Camellia oleifera Plants
复制标题
油茶雄性不育植株花瓣花药败育的解剖学特征
DOI：
10.21273/jashs05086-21
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发表时间：
2021-11-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Liao, Desheng
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hu, Yang;Gao, Chao;Liao, Desheng
花瓣型花药败育是植物雄性不育的一个重要特征。本研究以本课题组在一个油茶无性系群体中发现的花瓣化花药败育的雄性不育株（HB-21）为试验材料。利用植物显微和解剖学方法，从外部形态和内部结构的对应关系出发，研究了花瓣化花药败育（以可育株为对照）从花芽分化到花药成熟各阶段的解剖学特征，以期为不育系的研究和应用提供理论依据。oleifera植株的雄性不育性，为选育油橄榄雄性不育系提供了一种新的方法。油茶品种的改良，提高油茶的产量和品质。油橄榄本研究对C.油茶可分为14个阶段。雄性不育株花瓣化花药败育主要发生在第二阶段（造孢细胞期）。花药上部不形成花粉囊，或整个花药不形成花粉囊。部分花药下部可形成畸形的花粉囊并发育，大致可分为完全瓣化和部分瓣化两种类型。部分花瓣化花药形成的花粉囊在发育过程中出现异常胼胝质和绒毡层的过早降解，导致形成的花粉粒中缺少内含物。少量成熟花粉粒从萌发沟内向内萎蔫，表现出明显的败育特征。不育株部分花瓣化花药产生的花粉离体萌发率为11.20%，氯化三苯基四氮唑的相对活性为3.24%，而完全花瓣化花药不产生花粉粒。不育株的花瓣化花药不产生花粉，或者不育株产生的少量花粉的生活力与可育株相比很低。这些雄性不育株可用于无性系的选择，在生产上具有良好的应用前景。
Petalized anther abortion is an important characteristic of male sterility in plants. The male sterile plants (HB-21) evincing petalized anther abortion previously discovered in a clone population of the Camellia oleifera cultivar Huashuo by our research group were selected as the experimental material in this study. Using plant microscopy and anatomic methods and given the correspondence between external morphology and internal structure, we studied the anatomic characteristics of petalized anther abortion (with a fertile plant as the control group) in various stages, from flower bud differentiation to anther maturity, in hopes of providing a theoretical basis for research on and applications of male sterile C. oleifera plants, a new method for the selection of male sterile C. oleifera cultivars, and improvements in the yield and quality of C. oleifera. In this study, the development of anthers in C. oleifera was divided into 14 stages. Petalized anther abortion in male sterile plants was mainly initiated in the second stage (the stage of sporogenous cells). Either the petalized upper anther parts did not form pollen sacs, or the entire anthers did not form pollen sacs. The lower parts of some anthers could form deformed pollen sacs and develop, and these anthers could be roughly divided into two types: fully and partially petalized anthers. Abnormal callose and the premature degradation of the tapetum occurred in the pollen sacs formed by partially petalized anthers during the development process, resulting in the absence of inclusions in the pollen grains formed. Small quantities of mature pollen grains withered inward from the germinal furrows, exhibiting obvious abortion characteristics. The relative in vitro germination rate of the pollen produced by the partially petalized anthers of sterile plants was 11.20%, and the relative activity of triphenyltetrazolium chloride was 3.24%, while the fully petalized anthers did not generate pollen grains. Either the petalized anthers in male sterile plants did not produce pollen, or the vitality of the small amounts of pollen produced by sterile plants was very low compared with that of fertile plants. Such male sterile plants could be used to select correct clones and have good prospects for application in production.