Patterns of forgetting
Patterns of forgetting
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2018.05.008
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发表时间：
2018-10-01
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Radvansky, Gabriel A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fisher, Jerry S.;Radvansky, Gabriel A.
在记忆研究中，遗忘在很大程度上被认为是按照相对一致的遗忘曲线发生的。然而，我们实验室最近的研究表明，在保持大约七天的间隔后，遗忘的模式发生了变化。此外，关于叙事理解的研究表明，不同表征水平的信息表现出不同的遗忘模式。现有的许多关于遗忘模式的工作(A)不允许人们评估遗忘的变化，因为许多数据是在七天之前或之后收集的，但没有充分地连接这段时间，以及(B)没有考虑不同记忆表征水平的遗忘模式。在这项研究中，对一系列单词和叙述性文本的记忆在最初学习后12周进行了评估。我们观察到，对单词列表的记忆在早期表现出一些遗忘，随后在大约七天后突然丧失。此外，对于叙述性文本，表层记忆在大约一个小时后被遗忘到接近随机水平，而文本水平记忆被保持到大约7天，当记忆突然下降到大约随机水平时，就像单词列表记忆一样。与此形成对比的是，事件模型级别的记忆始终保持较高水平，尽管随着时间的推移会有一些遗忘。为了解释这种保持和遗忘的模式，我们开发了一个模拟作为概念的验证，以说明我们的理论解释。
In memory research, forgetting is largely assumed to occur following a relatively consistent forgetting curve. However, recent work in our lab suggests that there is a shift in the pattern of forgetting after a retention interval of about seven days. Moreover, work on narrative comprehension has shown that information at different levels of representation show different patterns of forgetting. Much of the existing work on patterns of forgetting (a) does not allow one to assess changes in forgetting because much of the data is collected either prior to or after seven days, but not sufficiently bridging this period of time, and (b) does not consider patterns of forgetting for different levels of memory representation. In this study, memory for a list of words and narrative texts was assessed up to 12 weeks after initial learning. We observed that memory for the word list showed some forgetting early on, followed by an abrupt loss after about seven days. Moreover, for the narrative text, surface form memories were forgotten to around chance level after about an hour, whereas textbase level memories were retained until about seven days when memory suddenly dropped to around chance levels, much like the word list memories. In contrast to this, memory at the event model level remained high throughout, although there was some forgetting over time. To account for this pattern of retention and forgetting, a simulation was developed as a proof of concept to illustrate our theoretical interpretation.