Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies
Harnessing global fisheries to tackle micronutrient deficiencies
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-019-1592-6
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发表时间：
2019-10-03
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
MacNeil, M. Aaron
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hicks, Christina C.;Cohen, Philippa J.;MacNeil, M. Aaron
据估计，微量营养素缺乏每年导致100万人过早死亡，对一些国家来说，微量营养素缺乏可使国内生产总值减少高达11%，这突出表明需要制定侧重于改善营养而不仅仅是增加粮食产量的粮食政策(3)。人们从各种各样的饮食中获取营养，尽管鱼类是对人类健康至关重要的生物可利用微量营养素的丰富来源，却经常被忽视。对大多数鱼类的营养成分(5)以及不同渔业之间的营养产量如何变化缺乏了解，阻碍了有效利用渔业在粮食和营养安全方面的潜力所需的政策转变(6)。本文利用350多种海洋鱼类中7种营养物质的浓度，估计了环境和生态性状对海洋鱼类营养物质含量的预测作用。我们使用该预测模型来量化海洋渔业中营养物质浓度的全球空间格局，并将营养物质产量与人类微量营养素缺乏症的发生率进行比较。我们发现来自热带热环境的物种含有更高浓度的钙、铁和锌；体型较小的鱼种含有较高浓度的钙、铁和omega-3脂肪酸；来自冷热环境的物种或那些有远洋喂养途径的物种含有更高浓度的omega-3脂肪酸。营养物浓度与渔业总产量之间没有关系，突出表明渔业的营养物质量是由物种组成决定的。对于一些营养摄入不足的国家来说，海洋鱼类捕获的营养超过了生活在海岸100公里范围内的人口的饮食需求，而且目前的一小部分登陆可能对5岁以下儿童产生特别大的影响。我们的分析表明，以鱼为基础的食物战略有可能为全球粮食和营养安全做出重大贡献。
Micronutrient deficiencies account for an estimated one million premature deaths annually, and for some nations can reduce gross domestic product(1,2) by up to 11%, highlighting the need for food policies that focus on improving nutrition rather than simply increasing the volume of food produced(3). People gain nutrients from a varied diet, although fish-which are a rich source of bioavailable micronutrients that are essential to human health(4)-are often overlooked. A lack of understanding of the nutrient composition of most fish(5) and how nutrient yields vary among fisheries has hindered the policy shifts that are needed to effectively harness the potential of fisheries for food and nutrition security(6). Here, using the concentration of 7 nutrients in more than 350 species of marine fish, we estimate how environmental and ecological traits predict nutrient content of marine finfish species. We use this predictive model to quantify the global spatial patterns of the concentrations of nutrients in marine fisheries and compare nutrient yields to the prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies in human populations. We find that species from tropical thermal regimes contain higher concentrations of calcium, iron and zinc; smaller species contain higher concentrations of calcium, iron and omega-3 fatty acids; and species from cold thermal regimes or those with a pelagic feeding pathway contain higher concentrations of omega-3 fatty acids. There is no relationship between nutrient concentrations and total fishery yield, highlighting that the nutrient quality of a fishery is determined by the species composition. For a number of countries in which nutrient intakes are inadequate, nutrients available in marine finfish catches exceed the dietary requirements for populations that live within 100 km of the coast, and a fraction of current landings could be particularly impactful for children under 5 years of age. Our analyses suggest that fish-based food strategies have the potential to substantially contribute to global food and nutrition security.