Don’t Mention the Marble! The Role of Attentional Processes in False-Belief Tasks
Don’t Mention the Marble! The Role of Attentional Processes in False-Belief Tasks
复制标题
别提大理石了！注意力过程在错误信念任务中的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
B. Geurts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Paula Rubio;B. Geurts
在过去的30年里，发展心理理论的关键问题一直是儿童是否以及何时能够表征错误信念。离开这个研究问题，本研究的目的是调查错误信念任务中注意力过程的作用。我们专注于测试阶段的设计，并研究了可能对3岁儿童成功至关重要的两个因素：“为什么”问题的形式和目标对象的显著性。两个实验的结果证实，三岁的孩子能够在错误信念任务中明确地选择正确答案，只要他们在整个任务中被允许把注意力集中在主角身上。然而，在测试阶段的设计中，目标物体的显著性是一个关键因素，因为增加目标物体的显著性会对儿童的表现产生负面影响。这些结果表明，过去30年的实验记录可能是有偏差的，因为标准的错误信念任务没有控制错误反应的相对显著性，这可能会阻碍4岁以下儿童的表现。我们的结论是，对错误信念任务中表现因素的仔细调查有可能揭示对心智理论技能发展的深刻见解，即使不是直接关注儿童对信念的表征。
In the last 30 years, the key issue in developmental Theory of Mind has been if and when children are capable of representing false beliefs. Moving away from this research question, the aim of this study was to investigate the role of attentional processes in false-belief tasks. We focused on the design of the test phase and investigated two factors that may be critical for 3-year-old children’s success: the form of the wh-question and the salience of the target object. The results of two experiments confirmed that 3-year olds are able to explicitly choose the correct answer in a false-belief task provided that they are allowed to focus on the protagonist throughout the task. The salience of the target object, however, was a critical factor in the design of the test phase, as increasing it had a negative effect on children’s performance. These results suggest that the experimental record of the last 30 years may be skewed since standard false-belief tasks do not control for the relative salience of the wrong response, potentially hindering the performance of children under 4. We conclude that a careful investigation of performance factors in false-belief tasks has the potential to reveal deep insights into the development of Theory of Mind skills, even if not directly focused on children’s representation of beliefs.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
SIGMAN, MD;KASARI, C;YIRMIYA, N
通讯作者：
YIRMIYA, N