Luminous Type II Short-Plateau Supernovae 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz: A Transitional Class from Stripped Massive Red Supergiants-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.3847/1538-4357/abf6d6

发表时间：

2020-10

期刊：

The Astrophysical Journal

影响因子：

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

其他

文献类型：

作者：

D. Hiramatsu;D. Howell;T. Moriya;Jared A. Goldberg;G. Hosseinzadeh;I. Arcavi;Joseph P. Anderson;C. Gutiérrez;J. Burke;C. McCully;S. Valenti;L. Galbany;Q. Fang;K. Maeda;G. Folatelli;E. Hsiao;N. Morrell;M. Phillips;M. Stritzinger;N. Suntzeff;M. Gromadzki;K. Maguire;T. Müller-Bravo;D. Young

II型超新星(SNE II)的多样性被认为主要是由它们的祖先的富氢(H丰富)包层质量的差异所驱动的，SNE II具有较长的高原(∼100d)和最大质量的富H包络。然而，为什么短高原(几十天)的SNE II很少看到，这是一个持续的谜团。在这里，我们给出了发光的II型短高原SNE 2006Y、2006Ai和2016egz的光学/近红外光度和光谱观测结果。它们大约50-70天的平台和发光的光学峰(≲−18.4mag)表明爆炸前的质量损失很大，导致部分剥离的富氢包层和早期的星周物质相互作用。我们计算了一个大网格的Mesa+Stella单星前驱和具有不同前驱零龄主序(ZAMS)质量、质量损失效率、爆炸能量、56Ni质量和CSM密度的光曲线模型。我们的模型网格显示了从富氢包层质量的降序排列的连续的SNE IIP-IIL-IIb类光曲线形态。短平台黑洞II具有较大的56Ni质量(≳0.05M⊙)，处于一个有限的参数空间，是黑洞IIL和黑洞之间的过渡类。对于SNE 2006Y、2006AI和2016egz，我们的发现表明，高质量红超巨星(RSG)前体(M ZAMS≃18-22 M⊙)具有小的富氢包层质量()，在爆炸前的最后几十年里经历了更大的质量损失()。如果高质量的RSG导致罕见的短平台SNE II，那么这些事件可能会缓解在观察到的SN II前体样本中明显缺乏高光度RSG的情况。

The diversity of Type II supernovae (SNe II) is thought to be driven mainly by differences in their progenitor’s hydrogen-rich (H-rich) envelope mass, with SNe IIP having long plateaus (∼100 days) and the most massive H-rich envelopes. However, it is an ongoing mystery why SNe II with short plateaus (tens of days) are rarely seen. Here, we present optical/near-infrared photometric and spectroscopic observations of luminous Type II short-plateau SNe 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz. Their plateaus of about 50–70 days and luminous optical peaks (≲−18.4 mag) indicate significant pre-explosion mass loss resulting in partially stripped H-rich envelopes and early circumstellar material (CSM) interaction. We compute a large grid of MESA+STELLA single-star progenitor and light-curve models with various progenitor zero-age main-sequence (ZAMS) masses, mass-loss efficiencies, explosion energies, 56Ni masses, and CSM densities. Our model grid shows a continuous population of SNe IIP–IIL–IIb-like light-curve morphology in descending order of H-rich envelope mass. With large 56Ni masses (≳0.05 M ⊙), short-plateau SNe II lie in a confined parameter space as a transitional class between SNe IIL and IIb. For SNe 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz, our findings suggest high-mass red supergiant (RSG) progenitors (M ZAMS ≃ 18–22 M ⊙) with small H-rich envelope masses ( ) that have experienced enhanced mass loss ( ) for the last few decades before the explosion. If high-mass RSGs result in rare short-plateau SNe II, then these events might ease some of the apparent underrepresentation of higher-luminosity RSGs in observed SN II progenitor samples.

Luminous Type II Short-Plateau Supernovae 2006Y, 2006ai, and 2016egz: A Transitional Class from Stripped Massive Red Supergiants

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