Petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals in nearshore Gulf sediments and biota before and after the 1991 war: An assessment of temporal and spatial trends
Petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals in nearshore Gulf sediments and biota before and after the 1991 war: An assessment of temporal and spatial trends
复制标题
1991 年战争前后海湾近岸沉积物和生物群中的石油碳氢化合物和微量金属：时空趋势评估
DOI：
10.1016/0025-326x(93)90022-c
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
K. McKay
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Fowler;J. Readman;B. Oregioni;J. Villeneuve;K. McKay
1991年海湾战争后，立即组织了一次调查，以确定科威特大规模漏油和油田火灾进入海湾的石油碳氢化合物和痕量金属的污染程度和程度。1991年6月至10月期间，从科威特、沙特阿拉伯、巴林、阿联酋和阿曼采集了近岸沉积物、双壳类和鱼类的样本。分析表明，污染水平最高的是在受严重影响的沙特阿拉伯海岸Ras Al Khafji和Ras Al Ghar之间，那里的总石油碳氢化合物(以科威特原油当量表示)的浓度在表层沉积物中为62-1400μg g−1干重量，在文蛤中为570-2 600μg−1干重量，在鱼肉中为9.6-31μg−1干重量。气相色谱分析表明，在漏油事件发生后的几个月内，潮间带的大部分石油已经大量降解。在沙特阿拉伯受石油污染的沉积物中，与石油有关的金属镍和钒的浓度略有升高，但海湾其他地区的浓度与早些年在这些地点测得的水平相似。这项初步区域调查表明，与战争有关的污染事件造成的碳氢化合物污染被限制在距污染源约400公里的范围内，当时海洋环境中燃烧产生的多环芳烃水平(例如，沉积物中芘的含量为1-450ng−1干质量吨)与在美国东部和北欧一些沿海地区测得的水平相同，而且在直接受影响的区域之外，沉积物和双壳类生物体内的石油碳氢化合物和微量金属水平一般与战前在相同地点测量的浓度一样低，甚至更低。
Immediately following the 1991 Gulf War, a survey was organized to determine the extent and degree of contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons and trace metals that entered the Gulf from the massive oil spill and oil field fires in Kuwait. Between June–October 1991 samples of nearshore sediments, bivalves and fish were collected from Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, UAE and Oman. Analyses revealed that the highest levels of contamination were along the heavily-impacted coast of Saudi Arabia between Ras Al Khafji and Ras Al Ghar, where concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons (expressed as Kuwait crude oil equivalents) ranged from 62–1400 μg g−1dry wt in surface sediments, 570–2600 μg g−1dry wt in clams and 9.6–31 μg g−1dry wt in fish muscle. Gas chromatographic analyses indicated that much of the oil in the intertidal zone had substantially degraded within a few months of the spill. Concentrations of the oil-related metals Ni and V were slightly elevated in oil-contaminated sediments from Saudi Arabia but elsewhere in the Gulf were similar to levels measured in earlier years at those sites. This initial regional survey demonstrated that hydrocarbon contamination originating from the war-related pollution events was restricted to approximately 400 km from the source, that levels of combustion derived PAHs in the marine environment at that time (e.g. 1–450 ng g−1dry wt for pyrene in sediments) were of the same order as those which have been measured in several coastal areas of the eastern United States and northern Europe, and that outside the immediate area of impact, petroleum hydrocarbon and trace metal levels in sediment and bivalves were generally as low as, or lower than, those concentrations measured at the same sites before the war.