Floral scent chemistry and pollination ecology in phytelephantoid palms (Arecaceae)
Floral scent chemistry and pollination ecology in phytelephantoid palms (Arecaceae)
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DOI：
10.1007/bf00984371
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发表时间：
1999-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Knudsen, JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ervik, F;Tollsten, L;Knudsen, JT
Phytelephantoideae亚科包括三个属（Ammandra，Aphandra和Phytelephas）和七种雌雄异株的棕榈。研究了水蜈蚣A. dasyneura，A.采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术分析了五种植物中的挥发性成分，包括：紫穗槐、紫背山矾、大果山矾和黄毛山矾。本文对A.娜塔莉亚、赤道莲座花和大果莲座花，并测试了人工合成的Aphandra和Phytelephas花香的主要成分如何在Phytelephas的两个自然种群中吸引昆虫。这些属在花香方面是不同的。Ammandra具有倍半萜、Aphandra（+）-2-甲氧基-3-sec-butylpyrazine和Phytelephas p-methyl anisol。这些成分在数量和质量上控制了气味。雌雄花序气味相似性分别为：阿曼德拉76.5%，阿法德拉84.2%，Phytelephas>99%。隐翅虫亚科（Aleocharinae）的不同种类为Aphandra娜塔莉亚（Aphandra natalia）和Phytelephas种类授粉并在它们的雄花序中繁殖。Derelomini（Curculinoidae）和Mystrops（Nitidulidae）只访问和授粉Phytelephas，其中雄性花序，他们繁殖。一种Baridinae（Barlionidae）仅访问并授粉Aphandra娜塔莉亚，并在其雌花序中繁殖。明显依赖于一个或几个花香成分作为引诱剂和少数和特定的传粉者可能表明共同进化。同域分布的种具有不同的气味。我们认为，具有相似气味的物种具有异域分布，由于缺乏传粉隔离机制。
The subfamily Phytelephantoideae comprises three genera (Ammandra, Aphandra, and Phytelephas) and seven species of dioecious palms. The floral scents of Ammandra dasyneura, A. decasperma, Aphandra natalia, Phytelephas aequatorialis, P. macrocarpa, and P. seemannii were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We studied the pollination biology of A. natalia, P. aequatorialis, and P. macrocarpa, and tested how the synthetically produced main constituents of the floral scents of Aphandra and Phytelephas attracted insects in two natural populations of Phytelephas. The genera are distinct in terms of floral scents. Ammandra has sesquiterpenes, Aphandra (+)-2-methoxy-3-sec-butylpyrazine, and Phytelephas p-methyl anisol. These constituents dominated the scents quantitatively and qualitatively. The similarity between scents of male and female inflorescences was 76.5% in Ammandra, 84.2% in Aphandra, and >99% in Phytelephas. Different species of Aleocharinae (Staphylinidae) pollinate Aphandra natalia and Phytelephas species and reproduce in their male inflorescences. Derelomini (Curculinoidae) and Mystrops (Nitidulidae) only visit and pollinate Phytelephas in which male inflorescences they reproduce. A species of Baridinae (Curculionidae) only visits and pollinates Aphandra natalia, and reproduces in its female inflorescence. The apparent reliance on one or a few floral scent constituents as attractants and few and specific pollinators may indicate co-evolution. Sympatric species of Phytelephantoideae have different scents. We suggest that species with similar scents have allopatric distributions due to the absence of a pollinator isolation mechanism.