Twice invisible: Formal representations of radiation danger
Twice invisible: Formal representations of radiation danger
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两次隐形：辐射危险的正式表现
DOI：
10.1177/0306312712465356
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
O. Kuchinskaya
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. Kuchinskaya
本文考察了环境危害的正式表述的政治。当某些环境危害的形式表述与在现有社会经济和技术科学条件下可以测量的内容不一致时，它们就会被公众看不见。相反，更好地协调形式表示和测量能力有助于揭示此类危害的范围。这种形式表示的（错误）对齐是一个相对的、对话的、历史特定的过程。它不仅需要专家和他们的专业知识，还需要当地实际情况的背景知识。正式表述的协调工作需要对这些形式主义进行公开的“非黑箱化”。它还依赖于许多基础设施工作，我将其描述为将无形的工作变为可见。这里用白俄罗斯三个连续的辐射防护概念的例子说明了正式表述的一致性，白俄罗斯是一个前苏联共和国，被切尔诺贝利的大部分沉降物所覆盖。对辐射防护概念的修订首先扩大了白俄罗斯官方承认和公众可见的放射性污染的范围，然后又大大缩小了范围。
This article examines the politics of formal representations of environmental hazards. Certain environmental hazards are made publicly invisible when their formal representations are misaligned with what can be measured in practice under the existing socioeconomic and technoscientific conditions. Conversely, better aligning formal representations and measurement capabilities helps reveal the scope of such hazards. Such (mis)alignment of formal representations is a relative, dialogical, and historically specific process. It requires not only experts and their specialized knowledge, but also contextual knowledge of the actual local conditions. The work of alignment of formal representations requires public ‘un-black-boxing’ of these formalisms. It also depends on much infrastructural work, which I describe as the invisible work of making visible. (Mis)alignment of formal representations is illustrated here with the examples of three successive concepts of radiation protection in Belarus, a former Soviet Union republic that was covered with much of the Chernobyl fallout. Revisions to the radiation protection concept first expanded and then dramatically shrank the scope of the officially recognized and publicly visible radioactive contamination in Belarus.