Epigenetic silencing by the SMC5/6 complex mediates HIV-1 latency.

Epigenetic silencing by the SMC5/6 complex mediates HIV-1 latency.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41564-022-01264-z
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发表时间:
2022-12
影响因子:
28.3
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学1区
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--
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在病毒进入和逆转录后,未能整合的HIV-1前病毒在表观遗传学上被沉默,但其潜在机制仍不清楚。使用全基因组CRISPR/Cas9敲除筛选,我们将宿主SMC 5/6复合物鉴定为这种表观遗传沉默所必需的。我们发现,SMC 5/6结合,然后SUMO化未整合的染色质化的HIV-1 DNA。通过点突变SMC 5/6组分NSMCE 2(SUMO E3连接酶)或使用SUMO化抑制剂TAK-981抑制SUMO化,可防止表观遗传沉默,使未整合的HIV-1 DNA能够转录,并挽救整合酶缺陷型HIV-1的复制。最后,我们表明,阻断SMC 5/6复合物的表达,或抑制其SUMO化活性,抑制建立潜伏的HIV-1感染的CD 4 + T细胞系和原代人T细胞。总的来说,我们的数据表明,SMC 5/6复合体在介导HIV-1潜伏期的建立中起着直接的作用,通过在整合前表观遗传学沉默有整合能力的HIV-1前病毒。HIV-1潜伏期通过SMC 5/6介导的未整合病毒基因组的表观遗传沉默实现。
After viral entry and reverse transcription, HIV-1 proviruses that fail to integrate are epigenetically silenced, but the underlying mechanism has remained unclear. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screen, we identified the host SMC5/6 complex as essential for this epigenetic silencing. We show that SMC5/6 binds to and then SUMOylates unintegrated chromatinized HIV-1 DNA. Inhibition of SUMOylation, either by point mutagenesis of the SMC5/6 component NSMCE2—a SUMO E3 ligase—or using the SUMOylation inhibitor TAK-981, prevents epigenetic silencing, enables transcription from unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and rescues the replication of integrase-deficient HIV-1. Finally, we show that blocking SMC5/6 complex expression, or inhibiting its SUMOylation activity, suppresses the establishment of latent HIV-1 infections in both CD4+ T cell lines and primary human T cells. Collectively, our data show that the SMC5/6 complex plays a direct role in mediating the establishment of HIV-1 latency by epigenetically silencing integration-competent HIV-1 proviruses before integration. HIV-1 latency is enabled by SMC5/6-mediated epigenetic silencing of unintegrated viral genomes.
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