THE PRODUCTION OF NEW AND SIMILAR PHONES IN A FOREIGN-LANGUAGE - EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECT OF EQUIVALENCE CLASSIFICATION
THE PRODUCTION OF NEW AND SIMILAR PHONES IN A FOREIGN-LANGUAGE - EVIDENCE FOR THE EFFECT OF EQUIVALENCE CLASSIFICATION
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DOI：
10.1016/s0095-4470(19)30537-6
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发表时间：
1987-01-01
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
FLEGE, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
FLEGE, JE
声学测量以法语为母语、英语经验丰富的受试者和三组不同的英语母语受试者的法语和英语单词中的语音起始时间(VOT)和元音共振峰(F1-F3)为指标。对单语受试者的语音也进行了检查，以评估法语和英语的语音规范。假设等值分类限制了二语学习者对被认为是第一语言中某个范畴(如法语和英语的/u/和/t/)的“相似”二语音素的二语语音规范的近似程度，但不限制了在第一语言中没有对应的“新”二语音素(对于母语为英语的受试者为法语/y/)。有法语经验的英语母语受试者在法语/y/的发音方面与法语单语者没有区别。然而，所有四组受试者在他们的第二语言中产生的/u/的F2值与本族语者显著不同；他们在他们的第二语言中产生的/t/的平均VOT值要么非常接近L1语音常模，要么介于L1和L2的VOT语音常量之间。第二语言学习也被证明影响第一语言中/t/的产生。讲英语的法语母语受试者产生的法语/t/投票值比法语单语者长(即，类似英语)；而最有经验的讲法语的英语母语者产生的英语/t/投票值比英语单一语言者短(类似法语)。综上所述，这些结果表明成人的语音空间在二语学习过程中被重构，并支持等值分类阻止有经验的二语学习者产生相似的二语音素，而不是新的二语音素的假说。
Acoustic measurements were made of the voice onset time (VOT) and vowel formants (F1–F3) in French and English words spoken by native French subjects who were highly experienced in English, and by three groups of native English subjects differing according to French-language experience. The speech of monolingual subjects was also examined to estimate the phonetic norms of French and English. It was hypothesized that equivalence classification limits the extent to which L2 learners approximate L2 phonetic norms for “similar” L2 phones judged to be realizations of a category in L1 (e.g. /u/ and /t/ of French and English), but not a “new” L2 phone which has no counterpart in L1 (French /y/ for the native English subjects). Native English subjects who were experienced in French did not differ from French monolinguals in producing French /y/. However, the subjects in all four groups produced /u/ in their L2 with F2values which differed significantly from those of native speakers; and they all produced /t/ in their L2 with mean VOT values that either closely resembled the L1 phonetic norm, or were intermediate to the phonetic norm for VOT in L1 and L2. L2 learning was also shown to influence production of /t/ in L1. The native French subjects who spoke English produced French /t/ with longer (i.e., English-like) VOT values than French monolinguals; and the most experienced native English speakers of French produced English /t/ with shorter (French-like) VOT values than English monolinguals. Taken together, these results suggest that the phonetic space of adults is restructured during L2 learning, and support the hypothesis that equivalence classification prevents experienced L2 learners from producing similar L2 phones, but not new L2 phones, authentically.