Vegetation of Eurasia from the last glacial maximum to present: Key biogeographic patterns
Vegetation of Eurasia from the last glacial maximum to present: Key biogeographic patterns
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DOI：
10.1016/j.quascirev.2016.11.022
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发表时间：
2017-02-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Zernitskaya, Valentina
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Binney, Heather;Edwards, Mary;Zernitskaya, Valentina
大陆尺度的植被覆盖估计，包括地表特性和地理趋势，反映了植物物种对过去几千年气候变化的反应。这些估计数可有助于评估使用正向和反向建模方法模拟气候变化的有效性。随着瞬态和连续时间切片古气候模拟的出现，具有相似时间质量的植被数据集是可取的。我们使用现存的数据库和新数据，整理了北纬40度以北的欧洲和亚洲21，000 -0卡尔年BP（kyr卡尔BP;校准年龄）时期的化石花粉记录;我们过滤了记录以进行充分的测年并对命名法进行了排序，以符合一致且广泛的分类单元列表。从这个数据库中，我们提取花粉光谱代表1000年的时间片从21 lcyr cal BP目前，并使用生物化的方法来定义最可能的植被生物群系代表。绘制了22个时间片的生物群系，并跟踪了关键植物功能类型（PFT，生物群系的组成部分）。地形复杂性的误差矩阵和指数清楚地表明，基于花粉的生物群落分配的准确性（与现代植被相比）与地形复杂性呈负相关，但现代植被仍然有效地绘制了花粉，尽管大多数生物群落的错误分类的中等水平。在21 ka的模式是草本植物占主导地位的生物群落在整个地区。从冰消期开始（17-18 kyr cal BP），欧洲的一些地点记录了森林生物群落，特别是南部，森林生物群落的比例随着时间的推移逐渐增加，直到14 kyr cal BP。在同一时期，森林生物群落和草原或冻原生物群落在整个中亚山区混合，森林生物群落出现在太平洋沿岸地区。这些森林生物群系的出现，加上一个有日期的植物宏体化石记录，表明一些树木种群存在于南欧和东欧以及欧亚大陆中部和远东。PFF组成的草本生物群落强调了不同的杂类草的显着贡献，无树植被，一个功能往往掩盖在花粉记录。增加水分。14 kyr cal BP是由向木本生物群系的转变以及记录湖泊和泥炭沉积物初始化和发展的地点的增加提出的，特别是在该地区的欧洲部分。西欧的森林砍伐，大概与农业扩张有关，在最近的两千年里是显而易见的。(C)2016年6月，作者。爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Continental-scale estimates of vegetation cover, including land-surface properties and biogeographic trends, reflect the response of plant species to climate change over the past millennia. These estimates can help assess the effectiveness of simulations of climate change using forward and inverse modelling approaches. With the advent of transient and contiguous time-slice palaeoclimate simulations, vegetation datasets with similar temporal qualities are desirable. We collated fossil pollen records for the period 21,000-0 cal yr BP (kyr cal BP; calibrated ages) for Europe and Asia north of 40 degrees N, using extant databases and new data; we filtered records for adequate dating and sorted the nomenclature to conform to a consistent yet extensive taxon list. From this database we extracted pollen spectra representing 1000-year time-slices from 21 lcyr cal BP to present and used the biomization approach to define the most likely vegetation biome represented. Biomes were mapped for the 22 time slices, and key plant functional types (PFTs, the constituents of the biomes) were tracked though time. An error matrix and index of topographic complexity clearly showed that the accuracy of pollen-based biome assignments (when compared with modern vegetation) was negatively correlated with topographic complexity, but modern vegetation was nevertheless effectively mapped by the pollen, despite moderate levels of misclassification for most biomes. The pattern at 21 ka is of herb-dominated biomes across the whole region. From the onset of deglaciation (17-18 kyr cal BP), some sites in Europe record forest biomes, particularly the south, and the proportion of forest biomes gradually increases with time through 14 kyr cal BP. During the same period, forest biomes and steppe or tundra biomes are intermixed across the central Asian mountains, and forest biomes occur in coastal Pacific areas. These forest biome occurrences, plus a record of dated plant macrofossils, indicate that some tree populations existed in southern and Eastern Europe and central and far-eastern Eurasia. PFF composition of the herbaceous biomes emphasises the significant contribution of diverse forbs to treeless vegetation, a feature often obscured in pollen records. An increase in moisture ca. 14 kyr cal BP is suggested by a shift to woody biomes and an increase in sites recording initialization and development of lakes and peat deposits, particularly in the European portion of the region. Deforestation of Western Europe, presumably related to agricultural expansion, is clearly visible in the most recent two millennia. (C) 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.