Evaluating the effects of land-use change and future climate change on vulnerability of coastal landscapes to saltwater intrusion
Evaluating the effects of land-use change and future climate change on vulnerability of coastal landscapes to saltwater intrusion
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DOI：
10.1525/elementa.316
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
A. Bhattachan;R. Emanuel;M. Ardón;E. Bernhardt;S. Anderson;M. G. Stillwagon;Emily A. Ury;T. BenDor;J. Wright
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Bhattachan;R. Emanuel;M. Ardón;E. Bernhardt;S. Anderson;M. G. Stillwagon;Emily A. Ury;T. BenDor;J. Wright
依赖淡水的沿海生态系统暴露在盐水中是许多沿海地区气候和土地利用变化造成的影响，有可能损害淡水和陆地生物群、改变生物地球化学循环并降低农业产量。与人工排水基础设施（运河、沟渠和排水沟）相关的土地使用活动可能会加剧盐水暴露。然而，缺乏评估人工排水对沿海景观暴露于盐水的脆弱性影响的研究。我们研究了人工排水基础设施在多大程度上改变了北卡罗来纳州东部沿海平原盐水入侵的可能性。区域空间分析表明，人工排水不仅降低了沿海景观的总体海拔，而且还改变了水文流量的路径和集中度。总之，这些因素有可能增加易受盐水入侵的景观的总比例，不仅在邻近排水基础设施的地区，而且在由于水流改道的大规模影响而没有人工排水系统的地方。在北卡罗来纳州东部的所有土地覆盖类型中，湿地最容易受到盐水暴露的影响。与气候变化相关的干旱和沿海风暴可能会加剧人工排水造成的咸水脆弱性。
The exposure of freshwater-dependent coastal ecosystems to saltwater is a present-day impact of climate and land-use changes in many coastal regions, with the potential to harm freshwater and terrestrial biota, alter biogeochemical cycles and reduce agricultural yields. Land-use activities associated with artificial drainage infrastructure (canals, ditches, and drains) could exacerbate saltwater exposure. However, studies assessing the effects of artificial drainage on the vulnerability of coastal landscapes to saltwater exposure are lacking. We examined the extent to which artificial drainage infrastructure has altered the potential for saltwater intrusion in the coastal plain of eastern North Carolina. Regional spatial analyses demonstrate that artificial drainages not only lower the overall elevation in coastal landscapes, but they also alter the routing and concentration of hydrological flows. Together, these factors have the potential to increase the total proportion of the landscape vulnerable to saltwater intrusion, not only in areas adjacent to drainage infrastructure but also in places where no artificial drainages exist due to large scale effects of flow rerouting. Among all land cover types in eastern North Carolina, wetlands are most vulnerable to saltwater exposure. Droughts and coastal storms associated with climate change potentially exacerbate vulnerability to saltwater facilitated by artificial drainage.