Shift work and health: current problems and preventive actions.
Shift work and health: current problems and preventive actions.
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DOI：
10.5491/shaw.2010.1.2.112
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发表时间：
2010-12
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Costa G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Costa G
本文概述了当前轮班工作中职业健康需要解决的问题，以及组织和医疗层面上如何保护工人健康和福祉的主要指导方针。由于新技术、市场全球化、经济竞争以及社会服务向普通大众的延伸，工作时间组织正在成为一个关键因素，所有这些都需要越来越多的人在一天 24 小时内持续协助和控制工作流程。关于这一问题的流行病学和临床研究的大量增加，记录了这一危险因素在社会和心理物理层面对人类健康和福祉的严重性，从生物昼夜节律和睡眠/觉醒周期的破坏开始，最终导致多种心身问题和紊乱，可能还包括癌症，并延伸到工作效率以及家庭和社会生活的损害。根据人体工程学标准对轮班安排进行适当的干预，并对轮班工人进行仔细的健康监测和社会支持，是重要的预防和纠正措施，使人们能够继续工作而不会造成严重的健康损害。
The paper gives an overview of the problems to be tackled nowadays by occupational health with regards to shift work as well as the main guidelines at organizational and medical levels on how to protect workers' health and well-being. Working time organization is becoming a key factor on account of new technologies, market globalization, economic competition, and extension of social services to general populations, all of which involve more and more people in continuous assistance and control of work processes over the 24 hours in a day. The large increase of epidemiological and clinical studies on this issue document the severity of this risk factor on human health and well being, at both social and psychophysical levels, starting from a disruption of biological circadian rhythms and sleep/wake cycle and ending in several psychosomatic troubles and disorders, likely also including cancer, and extending to impairment of performance efficiency as well as family and social life. Appropriate interventions on the organization of shift schedules according to ergonomic criteria and careful health surveillance and social support for shift workers are important preventive and corrective measures that allow people to keep working without significant health impairment.