THE BIOLOGY OF PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI IN AUSTRALASIAN FORESTS
THE BIOLOGY OF PHYTOPHTHORA CINNAMOMI IN AUSTRALASIAN FORESTS
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澳大利亚森林中肉桂疫霉的生物学
DOI：
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发表时间：
1987
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
G. Weste
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
G. Weste
这一审查的要求证明了世界范围内对Au - stralasian原生林的肉桂疫霉入侵的关注和迷恋。澳大利亚的面积很大，但大部分内陆地区都是贫瘠的沙漠。从北部的巴布亚新几内亚到南部的塔斯马尼亚，以及西南部的东部沿海地区都有相当广泛的森林，在大陆的北部有一个较小的地区。森林树木属多种多样，雨林的树木可能与印度-马来西亚有亲缘关系，但干燥、硬叶或开阔的森林主要是600种桉树中的一些。西南开阔的森林以边缘桉树（jarrah）为主，早在1920年就有记录的jarrah枯梢树是肉桂真菌流行的第一个，也是最严重的例子。直到1965年才阐明肉桂在jarrah枯梢病中的作用（53）。同样的病原体随后从东部各州分离出来。这些早期的分离并不能证明P. cinnamomi对发生在西澳大利亚的jarrah森林、布里斯班山脉的树皮林和东吉普斯兰的银顶森林的75%的植物群的流行枯死和死亡负有责任。当洗净的桂皮菌菌丝，添加到表土中，产生典型的症状，逐渐扩展到森林中，病原体就从那里得到了证据
The request for this review is evidence of the worldwide concern for and fascination with the invasion by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands of Au stralasian native forests. The area of Australia is large, but most of the interior is barren desert. Quite extensive forests occur on the eastern coastal zone from Papua New Guinea in the north to Tasmania in the south, and in the south west, with a smaller region in the far north of the continent. The forest tree genera are varied, and those of the rain forest may have Indo-Malaysian affinities, but dry, sclerophyll, or open forests are dominated by some of the 600 species of Eucalyptus. The southwest open forests are dominated by Eucalyptus marginata (jarrah), andjarrah dieback, recorded as early as 1920, was the first, and remains the worst, example of the cinnamon fungus epidemic. The role of P. cinnamomi in jarrah dieback was not elucidated until 1 965 (53). The same pathogen was then isolated from the eastern states. These early isolations did not prove that P. cinnamomi was responsible for the epidemic dieback and death of 75% of the flora that occurred in the jarrah forests of Western Australia, the stringy bark forests of the Brisbane Ranges, and the silvertop forests of East Gippsland. Proof was obtained when washed mycelium of P. cinnamomi, added to the topsoil, produced typical symptoms that gradually extended into the forest and from which the pathogen