The rote of sedation tests in identifying sedative drug effects in healthy volunteers and their power to dissociate sedative-related impairments from memory dysfunctions
The rote of sedation tests in identifying sedative drug effects in healthy volunteers and their power to dissociate sedative-related impairments from memory dysfunctions
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DOI：
10.1177/0269881106071550
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发表时间：
2007-08-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Verkes, R. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wezenberg, E.;Sabbe, B. G. C.;Verkes, R. J.
这项研究调查了四种特定的药物是否会在被认为是衡量镇静的测试中显示出类似的模式。此外，他们的镇静和记忆性能的药物效应模式进行了比较，以确定是否可以区分镇静效果的记忆effects.Two双盲，安慰剂对照，交叉研究，每个有16名健康志愿者，一个测试托拉西泮（2.5毫克）和米氮平（15毫克）和其他奥氮平（10毫克）和氟哌啶醇（2.5毫克）。主观镇静采用视觉模拟评分法（VAS），客观镇静采用简单反应时（SRT）和选择反应时（CRT）任务、代码替代（符号数字替代试验（SDST））和扫视眼动峰值速度（SEM）。通过言语记忆测试（VMT）来评估记忆能力，除氟哌啶醇外，所有药物均被证明在所有五个镇静指数上都有损害。与VAS相反，客观指标产生了不同的反应特征。出现了两种类型的药物效应模式：一种是反应速度（SRT，SEM）的较大损伤，另一种是信息处理（CRT，SDST）的较大损伤。劳拉西泮和奥氮平阻碍记忆表现，而米氮平没有。通过使用标准化评分，证明可以区分药物对镇静和记忆测试的影响大小，为了准确评估镇静的水平和性质，并区分镇静和记忆障碍，需要不同类型的镇静措施。除了研究主观效果外，还建议测试心理反应和信息处理速度。
The study investigated whether four specified drugs would show similar patterns on tests considered to measure sedation. In addition, their drug-effect patterns on sedation and memory performance were compared to determine whether the sedative effects could be differentiated from the memory effects.Two double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover studies, each with 16 healthy volunteers, were performed, one testing torazepam (2.5 mg) and mirtazapine (15 mg) and the other olanzapine (10 mg) and haloperidol (2.5 mg). Subjective sedation was assessed by means of visual analogue scales (VAS) and objective sedation using a simple-reaction-time (SRT) task and a choice-reaction-time (CRT) task, code substitution (symbol digit substitution test (SDST)) and the peak velocity of saccadic eye movements (SEM). A verbal memory test (VMT) was administered to evaluate memory capacity.Apart from haloperidol, all drugs proved to impair performance on all five sedation indices. Contrary to the VAS, the objective measures yielded different response profiles. Two types of drug-effect patterns emerged: one for greater impairments in response speed (SRT, SEM) and one for greater impairments in information processing (CRT, SDST). Lorazepam and olanzapine impeded memory performance, whereas mirtazapine did not. With the use of standardized scores it proved possible to differentiate between the size of the effects of the drugs on the sedation and memory tests.To accurately assess the level and nature of sedation and to differentiate sedation from memory impairments different types of sedation measures are required. Besides studying the subjective effects, it is recommended to also test psychomotor responses and information processing speed.